Effect of Topical Timolol on Healing of Immature Breast Scars After Mammoplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial With Blinded Assessors and Patients

IF 2.3 4区医学 Q2 DERMATOLOGY

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI:10.1111/jocd.70261

Nahid Nafissi, Fatemeh Najafi, Alireza Jafarzadeh, Elham Behrangi, Masoumeh Roohaninasab, Seyyedeh Tahereh Rahimi, Sepideh Salehi, Amir Jafari-Nasirmahalleh, Nazanin Hoseini, Azadeh Goodarzi

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction

Wound healing is a complex process encompassing four main stages: hemostasis, inflammation, cell proliferation, maturation, and differentiation. Timolol (TM) may influence these stages, particularly re-epithelialization. This study aims to evaluate the 1-month effects of timolol on acute surgical wounds in post-mammoplasty patients.

Objectives

To investigate the efficacy of topical timolol in improving postoperative breast scars, aiming to guide future treatment protocols and prescriptions.

Methods

A total of 12 patients who underwent bilateral mammoplasty were enrolled in this double-blind randomized clinical trial. Treatment commenced 48 h post-surgery; one breast was treated with 0.5% timolol eye drops, while the contralateral breast received distilled water (control). Patients were advised to minimize sun exposure and pressure on the treated area, and no additional oral or topical medications were prescribed. Cleansing with a prescribed cleanser occurred every 3 days. Cosmetic assessments were conducted by a specialist at 10 and 30 days post-surgery using a 10-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA.

Results

Timolol significantly reduced erythema over time (Interaction, p < 0.0001; Treatment, p = 0.02), with an average decrease of 5.38 points (95% CI: 4.22–6.55) compared to 4.41 points (95% CI: 3.83–5) for placebo. The difference in reduction was 0.972 points (95% CI: 0.18–1.7). A significant improvement in the aesthetic appearance of the breast was also noted (Interaction, p < 0.0001; Treatment, p = 0.015), with timolol enhancing the aesthetic score by approximately 5.5 points (95% CI: 4.9–6.2) versus 4.58 points (95% CI: 3.4–5.7) for the placebo. Overall, timolol improved the aesthetic score by 0.972 points (95% CI: 0.23–1.7) more than the placebo.

Conclusion

Topical application of 0.5% timolol significantly improved the aesthetic appearance and reduced erythema of post-mammoplasty breast scars over a 1-month period. The results demonstrate a measurable clinical benefit, with statistically significant differences favoring timolol over placebo. These findings suggest that early intervention with topical timolol may offer a safe, effective, and non-invasive option for optimizing scar outcomes in surgical patients.

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局部替马洛尔对乳房成形术后未成熟乳房疤痕愈合的影响：一项盲法评估者和患者的随机对照试验

伤口愈合是一个复杂的过程，包括四个主要阶段：止血、炎症、细胞增殖、成熟和分化。替马洛尔（TM）可能会影响这些阶段，特别是再上皮化。本研究旨在评估替马洛尔对乳房成形术后急性外科伤口1个月的疗效。目的探讨局部应用噻洛尔改善乳房术后瘢痕的疗效，为今后的治疗方案和处方提供指导。方法对12例行双侧乳房成形术的患者进行双盲随机临床试验。术后48小时开始治疗；一侧乳房用0.5%噻莫洛尔滴眼液治疗，对侧乳房用蒸馏水治疗（对照组）。建议患者尽量减少阳光照射和治疗部位的压力，并且没有额外的口服或局部药物处方。每3天用规定的清洁剂清洁一次。术后10天和30天由专家使用10分李克特量表进行美容评估。数据分析采用双向重复测量方差分析。结果随着时间的推移，替马洛尔显著减少红斑(相互作用，p < 0.0001；治疗组，p = 0.02)，平均下降5.38点（95% CI: 4.22-6.55），而安慰剂组平均下降4.41点（95% CI: 3.83-5）。减少的差异为0.972点（95% CI: 0.18-1.7）。乳房的美学外观也有显著改善(相互作用，p < 0.0001；替莫洛尔治疗组（p = 0.015）的美学评分提高了约5.5分（95% CI: 4.9-6.2），而安慰剂组提高了4.58分（95% CI: 3.4-5.7）。总体而言，替莫洛尔比安慰剂提高了0.972分（95% CI: 0.23-1.7）。结论局部应用0.5%噻洛尔可显著改善乳房成形术后乳房瘢痕的美观，减少瘢痕红斑，治疗期1个月。结果显示了可测量的临床益处，统计学上表明噻莫洛尔优于安慰剂。这些研究结果表明，局部噻洛尔的早期干预可能为优化手术患者的疤痕预后提供了一种安全、有效和非侵入性的选择。

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来源期刊

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology DERMATOLOGY-

CiteScore

4.30

自引率

13.00%

发文量

818

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology publishes high quality, peer-reviewed articles on all aspects of cosmetic dermatology with the aim to foster the highest standards of patient care in cosmetic dermatology. Published quarterly, the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology facilitates continuing professional development and provides a forum for the exchange of scientific research and innovative techniques. The scope of coverage includes, but will not be limited to: healthy skin; skin maintenance; ageing skin; photodamage and photoprotection; rejuvenation; biochemistry, endocrinology and neuroimmunology of healthy skin; imaging; skin measurement; quality of life; skin types; sensitive skin; rosacea and acne; sebum; sweat; fat; phlebology; hair conservation, restoration and removal; nails and nail surgery; pigment; psychological and medicolegal issues; retinoids; cosmetic chemistry; dermopharmacy; cosmeceuticals; toiletries; striae; cellulite; cosmetic dermatological surgery; blepharoplasty; liposuction; surgical complications; botulinum; fillers, peels and dermabrasion; local and tumescent anaesthesia; electrosurgery; lasers, including laser physics, laser research and safety, vascular lasers, pigment lasers, hair removal lasers, tattoo removal lasers, resurfacing lasers, dermal remodelling lasers and laser complications.