Numerical Optimization of Fin Configurations for Increased Thermal Performance in Horizontal Latent Heat Thermal Storage Systems

Abstract

This study optimizes fin height and configuration angle in the lower section of a latent heat thermal storage (LHTS) system to enhance thermal performance. Using numerical simulations, the research explores the impact of placing fins exclusively below the horizontal axis, an area with minimal convection heat transfer. The study determines the optimal fin height and investigates four alternative fin configurations to identify the most efficient angle for heat storage. The numerical model is validated with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.3% and a melting time deviation of 4.7%. Results show that increasing the extended surface length from 10 to 30 mm reduces melting time by 35% due to enhanced heat conduction. Fin incorporation improves LHTS performance, cutting PCM melting time by at least 50%. Longer extended surfaces reduce temperature variation from 15°C to 6°C, ensuring better heat distribution. High-surface-area fin configurations increase thermal conductivity by 45%, reducing melting time by 28%. A fin angle of 45° accelerates melting by 22% compared with a vertical (90°) configuration due to enhanced convection. Optimizing the fin angle at 45° increases velocity magnitudes within the PCM by 35%, promoting uniform melting. Reducing the fin angle from 72° to 15° further decreases melting time from 75 to 45 min. Overall, optimizing fin configurations and integrating thermally enhanced PCMs significantly improve LHTS efficiency. The proposed design enhances thermal performance, accelerates phase transition, and ensures uniform temperature distribution, making it suitable for applications such as solar thermal energy storage.