Insufficient Polydnavirus Injection as a Physiological Factor Preventing Successful Parasitization by Cotesia ruficrus on Final Instar Host Larvae

IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q4 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Miyu Tanaka, Hiroshi Matsutani, Yuki Okumura, Toshiharu Tanaka, Tomomi Sawa, Yutaka Nakamatsu
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Abstract

Cotesia ruficrus (Cr; Braconidae) can parasitize young Mythimna separata (Ms) larvae, but not 6th (final) instar Ms larvae. In the late instar, parasitization fails because Cr eggs suffer melanization and encapsulation. However, when multiple Cr parasitized a single Ms larva through superparasitization, the successful parasitization rate increased with higher superparasitization frequency. To induce immunosuppression, Cr parasitized 6th instar Ms larvae that were artificially injected with Cr venom (V) and/or polydnavirus (PDV). Successful parasitization rate of Cr improved with an increased amount of PDV injection, but there was no change only with V. When Cr monoparasitized, 92% of the parasitoid eggs suffered melanization and encapsulation. However, when the amount of PDV from four additional wasps was increased, the number of Cr eggs suffered melanization and encapsulation decreased to less than 10%. The number of hyperspread cells (HSCs), necessary for melanization and encapsulation also decreased in Ms larvae. The C-type lectin Cky811 of Cotesia kariyai inhibits the function of Mys-IML, a C-type lectin required for adhesion of HSCs to foreign substances in Ms. This study suggests that Crf111, a Cr PDV-produced C-type lectin with high amino acid homology to Cky811, may inhibit Mys-IML function. Crf111 expression was significantly higher in hemocytes of 6th instar Ms larvae injected with 4 µL of PDV alongside Cr monoparasitization. These results suggest that when Cr parasitizes 6th instar Ms larvae, the amount of injected PDV is insufficient, resulting in low Crf111 expression, which fails to regulate the host's immune response, and thus, parasitization is unsuccessful.

多核酸病毒注射不足是阻止红脸小虫成功寄生于末龄寄主幼虫的生理因素
ruficrus (Cr;小蛾科(bronidae)能寄生于分离神话蝇(Mythimna separata, Ms)幼体,但不能寄生于终龄神话蝇(mymyna separata, Ms)幼体。在后期,由于Cr卵被黑化和被包被,寄生失败。然而,当多个Cr通过超寄生寄生于单个Ms幼虫时,随着超寄生频率的增加,成功寄生率增加。为了诱导免疫抑制,用Cr毒(V)和/或多dna病毒(PDV)人工注射Cr寄生于6龄Ms幼虫。Cr的成功寄生率随PDV注射量的增加而提高,但与v无关,当Cr单寄生时,92%的寄生蜂卵发生黑化和包被。然而,当另外4只胡蜂的PDV量增加时,铬卵发生黑化和包被的数量减少到10%以下。黑色素化和包被所必需的超扩散细胞(hsc)的数量也在Ms幼虫中减少。Cotesia kariyai的c型凝集素Cky811抑制Ms. hsc粘附外源物质所需的c型凝集素my - iml的功能。本研究提示Crf111可能抑制my - iml的功能,Crf111是Cr pdv产生的c型凝集素,与Cky811氨基酸同源性高。4µL PDV注射后,6龄Ms幼虫血细胞中Crf111表达显著升高。上述结果提示,当Cr寄生于6龄Ms幼虫时,由于PDV注入量不足,导致Crf111表达较低,无法调节宿主的免疫反应,从而导致寄生失败。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
4.50%
发文量
115
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology is an international journal that publishes articles in English that are of interest to insect biochemists and physiologists. Generally these articles will be in, or related to, one of the following subject areas: Behavior, Bioinformatics, Carbohydrates, Cell Line Development, Cell Signalling, Development, Drug Discovery, Endocrinology, Enzymes, Lipids, Molecular Biology, Neurobiology, Nucleic Acids, Nutrition, Peptides, Pharmacology, Pollinators, Proteins, Toxicology. Archives will publish only original articles. Articles that are confirmatory in nature or deal with analytical methods previously described will not be accepted.
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