The impacts on the economy, health, and environment resulting from tobacco cultivation: A cross-sectional survey of tobacco farmer perspectives in Thailand.

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Tobacco Induced Diseases Pub Date : 2025-05-24 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.18332/tid/204301

Chakkraphan Phetphum, Raphael Lencucha

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction: Tobacco cultivation is associated with financial instability, health risks, and environmental degradation. While Thailand has made progress in tobacco control, challenges remain in supporting farmers with sustainable alternatives. This study examined the perceived economic, health, and environmental impacts of tobacco cultivation among Thai tobacco farmers.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 2021 to January 2022 in Chiang Mai, Phrae, and Sukhothai, the major tobacco-growing provinces in Thailand. A total of 1505 tobacco farmers completed self-administered questionnaires. The instrument measured perceived impacts on a 3-point Likert scale (low to high). Frequencies and proportions for descriptive statistics are reported along with adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for logistic regression models.

Results: Economic impacts were most frequently reported (43.7%), particularly increased debt (47.6%) and income loss (43.5%). Health impacts (31.6%) included symptoms of Green Tobacco Sickness (47.2%) and reduced work capacity (29.9%). Environmental concerns (14.4%) included pesticide contamination (10.8%) and degradation of soil and water resources (10.6%). Higher economic impact was associated with cultivating Virginia tobacco (AOR=6.51; 95% CI: 4.90-8.63), higher level of education (AOR=1.39; 95% CI: 1.01-1.92), contract farming (AOR=1.27; 95% CI: 0.99-1.63), and farming experience (AOR=1.00; 95% CI: 0.99-1.01). Health impact was associated with age (AOR=1.04; 95% CI: 1.03-1.05), land rental (AOR=0.75; 95% CI: 0.58-0.98), female gender (AOR=0.74; 95% CI: 0.58-0.94), and Virginia cultivation (AOR=0.32; 95% CI: 0.23-0.44). Environmental impact was linked to labor hiring (AOR=2.68; 95% CI: 1.41-5.07) and land rental (AOR=0.56; 95% CI: 0.39-0.79).

Conclusions: Thai tobacco farmers face significant economic, health, and environmental burdens. Policy interventions should promote sustainable alternatives to mitigate these impacts.

查看原文本刊更多论文

烟草种植对经济、健康和环境的影响：泰国烟农观点的横断面调查。

烟草种植与财政不稳定、健康风险和环境退化有关。虽然泰国在烟草控制方面取得了进展，但在支持农民使用可持续替代品方面仍然存在挑战。本研究考察了泰国烟农对烟草种植的经济、健康和环境影响。方法：于2021年10月至2022年1月在泰国主要烟草种植省份清迈、法莱和素可泰进行横断面调查。共有1505名烟农完成了自填问卷。该仪器以3分李克特量表（从低到高）测量感知到的影响。报告了描述性统计的频率和比例，以及逻辑回归模型的调整比值比和95%置信区间。结果：最常见的报告是经济影响（43.7%），特别是债务增加（47.6%）和收入损失（43.5%）。健康影响（31.6%）包括绿烟病症状（47.2%）和工作能力下降（29.9%）。环境问题（14.4%）包括农药污染（10.8%）和土壤和水资源退化（10.6%）。较高的经济影响与种植弗吉尼亚烟草相关(AOR=6.51；95% CI: 4.90-8.63)，较高的教育水平(AOR=1.39；95% CI: 1.01-1.92)，合同养殖(AOR=1.27；95% CI: 0.99-1.63)和养殖经验(AOR=1.00；95% ci: 0.99-1.01)。健康影响与年龄相关(AOR=1.04；95% CI: 1.03-1.05)，土地租金(AOR=0.75；95% CI: 0.58-0.98)，女性(AOR=0.74；95% CI: 0.58-0.94)，弗吉尼亚种植(AOR=0.32；95% ci: 0.23-0.44)。环境影响与劳动力雇佣相关(AOR=2.68；95% CI: 1.41-5.07)和土地租金(AOR=0.56；95% ci: 0.39-0.79)。结论：泰国烟农面临着巨大的经济、健康和环境负担。政策干预应促进可持续的替代方案，以减轻这些影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Tobacco Induced Diseases SUBSTANCE ABUSE-PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

5.40%

发文量

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： Tobacco Induced Diseases encompasses all aspects of research related to the prevention and control of tobacco use at a global level. Preventing diseases attributable to tobacco is only one aspect of the journal, whose overall scope is to provide a forum for the publication of research articles that can contribute to reducing the burden of tobacco induced diseases globally. To address this epidemic we believe that there must be an avenue for the publication of research/policy activities on tobacco control initiatives that may be very important at a regional and national level. This approach provides a very important "hands on" service to the tobacco control community at a global scale - as common problems have common solutions. Hence, we see ourselves as "connectors" within this global community. The journal hence encourages the submission of articles from all medical, biological and psychosocial disciplines, ranging from medical and dental clinicians, through health professionals to basic biomedical and clinical scientists.