Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Vitamin D Status - Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation on Insulin Resistance.

Abstract

Background: Among premenopausal women, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most ubiquitous endocrine and metabolic conditions. Abdominal adiposity, insulin resistance, obesity, metabolic diseases, and cardiovascular hazards are often associated with PCOS. This investigation aims to decipher the influence of oral Vitamin D3 supplementation (2000 IU/day for three months) on glucose metabolism in PCOS women.

Methods: 123 subjects (females 16 to 40 years of age) were arbitrarily allocated to three cohorts (n = 41 in each cohort) Each participant received two tablets daily and a sachet every month for three months (Group I: Vitamin D3 Tablets + placebo sachets; Group II: Placebo Tablets + Vitamin D3 sachets; Group III: Tablets + Placebo sachets).

Results: Among 123 PCOS subjects, 93.4% exhibited hypovitaminosis D. The baseline 25- hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration of 13.76 (SD ± 10.61) ng/ml increased by 86.84% post-intervention. Groups I and II (active group) depicted substantial diminution in pre-treatment fasting and 2-h blood glucose, with no substantial change in the HOMA-IR. Group III (placebo) showed no improvement in vitamin D status or HOMA-IR. Overall, we observed no substantial HOMA-IR improvement with vitamin D subjunction. However, subgroup analysis revealed a statistically significant enhancement in HOMA-IR for subjects achieving a two-fold upsurge in post-supplementation 25(OH)D levels (≥ 20 ng/ml) compared to those without this increase (p = 0.025).

Conclusion: Vitamin D3 supplementation improves glucose metabolism, as demonstrated by lower fasting and 2-hour blood glucose levels, but overall has no substantial repercussion on measures of insulin sensitivity like HOMA-IR. A larger vitamin D3 dose and an extended follow-up study are essential to comprehend the complex physiology of vitamin D and glucose homeostasis. The cohort's mean blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were successfully boosted by 84% by Vitamin D3 dosage; yet, the influence on insulin resistance markers displayed a subtle complexity. A relationship was found amid the absolute variation in HOMA-IR and the percentage variation in Vitamin D. Nevertheless, there was no substantial general alteration in the mean HOMA-IR across different subgroups.