Engineered exosomes: a promising drug delivery platform with therapeutic potential.

IF 3.9 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences Pub Date : 2025-05-09 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fmolb.2025.1583992

Genevieve Schwarz, Xuechen Ren, Wen Xie, Haitao Guo, Yong Jiang, Jinyu Zhang

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Abstract

Exosomes, small membranous vesicles naturally secreted by living cells, have garnered attention for their role in intercellular communication and therapeutic potential. Their low immunogenicity, high biocompatibility, and efficient biological barrier penetration make them promising drug delivery vehicles. This review spans research developments from 2010 to 2025, covering the engineering of exosomes to optimize cargo loading and targeting specificity. We discuss their applications in treating cardiovascular diseases, liver fibrosis, immune diseases, and neurological diseases, alongside ongoing clinical trials and industry progress. Future challenges include scalability, standardization, and minimizing off-target effects. We propose strategies to address these hurdles, such as bioengineering techniques and improved isolation methods. By synthesizing current knowledge and outlining future directions, this review aims to guide researchers toward harnessing exosomes for disease treatment.

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工程外泌体：具有治疗潜力的有前途的药物输送平台。

外泌体是由活细胞自然分泌的小膜囊泡，因其在细胞间通讯和治疗潜力中的作用而受到关注。它们具有低免疫原性、高生物相容性和高效的生物屏障穿透能力，是很有前途的给药载体。本文回顾了从2010年到2025年的研究进展，涵盖了外泌体的工程，以优化货物装载和靶向特异性。我们讨论了它们在治疗心血管疾病、肝纤维化、免疫疾病和神经系统疾病方面的应用，以及正在进行的临床试验和行业进展。未来的挑战包括可伸缩性、标准化和最小化脱靶效应。我们提出了解决这些障碍的策略，如生物工程技术和改进的分离方法。通过综合现有的知识和概述未来的方向，本文旨在指导研究人员利用外泌体进行疾病治疗。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biochemistry

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

4.00%

发文量

1361

审稿时长

14 weeks

期刊介绍： Much of contemporary investigation in the life sciences is devoted to the molecular-scale understanding of the relationships between genes and the environment — in particular, dynamic alterations in the levels, modifications, and interactions of cellular effectors, including proteins. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences offers an international publication platform for basic as well as applied research; we encourage contributions spanning both established and emerging areas of biology. To this end, the journal draws from empirical disciplines such as structural biology, enzymology, biochemistry, and biophysics, capitalizing as well on the technological advancements that have enabled metabolomics and proteomics measurements in massively parallel throughput, and the development of robust and innovative computational biology strategies. We also recognize influences from medicine and technology, welcoming studies in molecular genetics, molecular diagnostics and therapeutics, and nanotechnology. Our ultimate objective is the comprehensive illustration of the molecular mechanisms regulating proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and small metabolites in organisms across all branches of life. In addition to interesting new findings, techniques, and applications, Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences will consider new testable hypotheses to inspire different perspectives and stimulate scientific dialogue. The integration of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches will benefit endeavors across all domains of the life sciences.