Blood-based biomarkers in centenarians and non-centenarians: a matched, population-based retrospective cohort study using primary care records in Catalonia, Spain.

IF 4.1 4区 医学 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY
Manuel A Moreno, Josep Vidal-Alaball, Marc Saez, Maria A Barceló
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Abstract

The global increase in life expectancy has sparked growing interest in the factors that contribute to exceptional longevity. Between 1990 and 2015, the number of centenarians worldwide more than quadrupled. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between blood-based biomarkers and the likelihood of reaching 100 years of age in Catalonia (2015-2022), and to examine how biomarker variations during COVID-19 affected longevity. Using a retrospective cohort study based on primary care electronic health records from Catalonia, we compared centenarians with individuals aged 92 or older who died before reaching 100 years of age. We analysed anaemia, cholesterol, glycemia, kidney function, and liver function biomarkers. We employed multiple strategies to control for confounding including matching without replacement, adjusting for both observed confounders at both the individual and contextual level, and unobserved confounders, in particular spatial dependence. Our findings reveal that centenarians exhibit higher rates of chronic conditions, greater socioeconomic disadvantage, and increased neighbourhood inequality in urban areas. Biologically, longevity was linked to intermediate levels of ferritin and cholesterol, alongside lower glucose, creatinine, and uric acid levels. Glycaemic balance, indicated by HbA1c and fasting glucose, emerged as a key factor in survival to extreme old age. Additionally, biomarker improvements during the pandemic correlated with an increased likelihood of reaching centenarian age. These results emphasize the complex interplay between biological, behavioural, and contextual factors in determining longevity. While biomarkers provide valuable insights, they are insufficient indicators of healthy ageing. Future research should integrate multiple dimensions, among them, environmental, and social determinants for uncovering the mechanisms of longevity.

百岁老人和非百岁老人的血液生物标志物:一项匹配的、基于人群的回顾性队列研究,使用西班牙加泰罗尼亚的初级保健记录。
全球预期寿命的增长引发了人们对长寿因素的兴趣。1990年至2015年间,全球百岁老人的数量翻了两番多。本研究旨在分析血液生物标志物与加泰罗尼亚人(2015-2022年)达到100岁的可能性之间的关系,并研究2019冠状病毒病期间生物标志物的变化如何影响寿命。利用一项基于加泰罗尼亚初级保健电子健康记录的回顾性队列研究,我们将百岁老人与92岁及以上在100岁之前死亡的个体进行了比较。我们分析了贫血、胆固醇、血糖、肾功能和肝功能生物标志物。我们采用了多种策略来控制混杂因素,包括不替换匹配,在个体和环境层面调整观察到的混杂因素,以及未观察到的混杂因素,特别是空间依赖性。我们的研究结果表明,在城市地区,百岁老人表现出更高的慢性病发病率、更大的社会经济劣势和更大的邻里不平等。从生物学上讲,长寿与中等水平的铁蛋白和胆固醇,以及较低的葡萄糖、肌酐和尿酸水平有关。以糖化血红蛋白和空腹血糖为指标的血糖平衡是生存至极高龄的关键因素。此外,大流行期间生物标志物的改善与达到百岁年龄的可能性增加相关。这些结果强调了决定寿命的生物、行为和环境因素之间复杂的相互作用。虽然生物标志物提供了有价值的见解,但它们不足以表明健康老龄化。未来的研究应整合多个维度,其中包括环境和社会决定因素,以揭示长寿的机制。
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来源期刊
Biogerontology
Biogerontology 医学-老年医学
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
4.40%
发文量
54
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The journal Biogerontology offers a platform for research which aims primarily at achieving healthy old age accompanied by improved longevity. The focus is on efforts to understand, prevent, cure or minimize age-related impairments. Biogerontology provides a peer-reviewed forum for publishing original research data, new ideas and discussions on modulating the aging process by physical, chemical and biological means, including transgenic and knockout organisms; cell culture systems to develop new approaches and health care products for maintaining or recovering the lost biochemical functions; immunology, autoimmunity and infection in aging; vertebrates, invertebrates, micro-organisms and plants for experimental studies on genetic determinants of aging and longevity; biodemography and theoretical models linking aging and survival kinetics.
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