Biodiesel production from selected seed oils: Characterization, effect of process variables on biodiesel yield and engine performance testing

Next Energy Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI:10.1016/j.nxener.2025.100322

Ozioma J. Anekwe-Nwekeaku , Chukwunonso O. Aniagor , Leo C. Osuji

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Abstract

This study investigates the production of biodiesels from Cyperus esculentus (C. esculentus), Sesamum indicum (S. indicum), and Colocynthus vulgaris (C. vulgaris) seed oils through sulfuric acid-catalyzed transesterification. The fuel properties and engine performance of these biodiesels and their blends with hydrocarbon-based diesel (B10–B100) were analyzed. The transesterification process showed conversion efficiencies exceeding 80% for C. vulgaris and S. indicum biodiesels. The viscosity, flash point, and pour point of the biodiesel blends were evaluated and the result demonstrated compliance with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. Notably, the B60 blends of all biodiesels show significantly reduced acidic emissions, with C. vulgaris biodiesel recording the lowest value of 0.0015 g/dm³. The fatty acid profile analysis revealed that C. vulgaris biodiesel, with its higher polyunsaturated fatty acids, exhibits better cold flow properties but reduced oxidative stability. Similarly, the S. indicum biodiesel had enhanced oxidative stability due to a higher percentage of saturated fatty acids. Furthermore, all the biodiesel blends showed improved engine performance, with a noticeable reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. This makes them viable alternatives to conventional diesel fuels and the blending these biodiesels with hydrocarbon diesel could further improve fuel efficiency and emissions.

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从选定的种子油生产生物柴油：特性，过程变量对生物柴油产量和发动机性能测试的影响

研究了以赛柏树（Cyperus esculentus）、芝麻（Sesamum indicum）和淫羊藿（Colocynthus vulgaris）籽油为原料，通过硫酸催化酯交换反应制备生物柴油。分析了这些生物柴油及其与烃基柴油（B10-B100）的混合燃料的燃料性能和发动机性能。结果表明，在酯交换过程中，普通草和籼稻生物柴油的转化率超过80%。对生物柴油混合物的粘度、闪点和倾点进行了评估，结果表明符合美国材料测试协会（ASTM）的标准。值得注意的是，所有生物柴油的B60混合物都显著降低了酸性排放，其中C. vulgaris生物柴油的最低值为0.0015 g/dm³。脂肪酸谱分析表明，由于其多不饱和脂肪酸含量较高，其冷流动性能较好，但氧化稳定性降低。同样，由于饱和脂肪酸的比例较高，籼稻生物柴油具有增强的氧化稳定性。此外，所有生物柴油混合物都显示出发动机性能的改善，温室气体排放明显减少。这使它们成为传统柴油的可行替代品，将这些生物柴油与碳氢化合物柴油混合可以进一步提高燃料效率和排放。

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Next Energy

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