Assessing the cold weather impact on battery electric transit buses

IF 7.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI:10.1016/j.trd.2025.104809

Jintao Gu, Quanhuan Liao, K. Max Zhang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study investigated the impact of cold weather on the energy performance of battery-electric buses (BEBs), using a real-world dataset from seven BEBs operating over two years across complex 41 routes in Tompkins County, New York. Novel Optimal Temperature Zone (OTZ) baseline models were developed to estimate BEB performance under ideal temperatures, and a comprehensive assessment of cold weather effects was conducted. Findings showed that the total energy consumed and regenerated increased by an average of 48.0 % in the −4 °C to 0 °C range, compared to the OTZ baseline prediction for the same trips, where the OTZ is defined as 16 °C to 30 °C. Across the broader –12 °C to 10 °C range, the average increase was 28.6 %. We elucidated the roles of different vehicle components (e.g., the charging efficiency of regenerative braking, battery heating, HVAC systems) in the impact of cold weather on energy performance, considering urban vs. rural differences and operating conditions. Recommendations were provided for BEB operators and manufacturers to improve efficiency in cold climates, and vital insights were offered for policymakers to develop effective transit electrification strategies in cold weather.

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评估寒冷天气对纯电动公交的影响

本研究调查了寒冷天气对电池电动公交车（beb）能源性能的影响，使用了来自纽约州汤普金斯县（Tompkins County） 41条复杂路线上运行了两年多的7辆beb的真实数据集。建立了新的最优温度区（OTZ）基线模型，以估计理想温度下BEB的性能，并对寒冷天气的影响进行了综合评估。研究结果表明，与OTZ基线预测（OTZ定义为16°C至30°C）相比，在- 4°C至0°C范围内，相同行程的总能耗和再生能量平均增加了48.0%。在-12°C至10°C范围内，平均增幅为28.6%。考虑到城市与农村的差异和运行条件，我们阐明了不同车辆部件（例如，再生制动的充电效率、电池加热、HVAC系统）在寒冷天气对能源性能的影响中的作用。为BEB运营商和制造商提供了在寒冷气候下提高效率的建议，并为政策制定者在寒冷天气下制定有效的交通电气化战略提供了重要见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Transportation Research Part D-transport and Environment 工程技术-运输科技

CiteScore

14.40

自引率

9.20%

发文量

314

审稿时长

39 days

期刊介绍： Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment focuses on original research exploring the environmental impacts of transportation, policy responses to these impacts, and their implications for transportation system design, planning, and management. The journal comprehensively covers the interaction between transportation and the environment, ranging from local effects on specific geographical areas to global implications such as natural resource depletion and atmospheric pollution. We welcome research papers across all transportation modes, including maritime, air, and land transportation, assessing their environmental impacts broadly. Papers addressing both mobile aspects and transportation infrastructure are considered. The journal prioritizes empirical findings and policy responses of regulatory, planning, technical, or fiscal nature. Articles are policy-driven, accessible, and applicable to readers from diverse disciplines, emphasizing relevance and practicality. We encourage interdisciplinary submissions and welcome contributions from economically developing and advanced countries alike, reflecting our international orientation.