Pectin-microfibrillated cellulose composite modified by calcium diffusion: Analysis of calcic microstructures, connectivity, mechanical properties, and behavior during thermal treatment

IF 7.7 1区化学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.144631

Josué Barragán-Iglesias , Juan Rodríguez-Ramírez , Lilia L. Méndez-Lagunas

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Pectin and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) form a composite with a modifiable microstructure during calcium (Ca²⁺) diffusion. This study aimed to analyze the microstructural changes, chemical composition, and structural connectivity in the pectin-microfibrillated cellulose (PMFC) composite caused by Ca²⁺ diffusion. It also examined how the modified structure influences thermal treatment and compression forces. PMFC was formulated with MFC suspension and pectin to simulate plant cell wall components, pretreated with a calcium hydroxide solution, and exposed to thermal treatment. SEM analysis revealed that pectin and MFC formed large, fibrillated, amorphous structures. When calcium pretreatment was applied to PMFC, it changed into a uniform firm structure with modified three-dimensional networks consisting of shorter microstructures with more skeletons and branches (Ca²⁺-branched arrangement) compared to calcium-free structures. EDX analysis showed calcium peaks at different PMFC thicknesses, with calcium content increasing in the PMFC until equilibrium, reaching a calcium diffusion coefficient of 3.25 × 10⁻¹⁰ m²/s. The Ca²⁺-branched structures remained stable during thermal treatment, preventing deformation and collapse, and a moisture diffusion coefficient of 2.80 × 10⁻⁹ m²/s. Furthermore, the Ca²⁺-branched structures provided hardness, elasticity, and resistance to stress-deformation during compression. Ca²⁺ modifies three-dimensional networks even after the physicochemical interaction between pectin and MFC has occurred.

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钙扩散改性的果胶-微纤化纤维素复合材料：钙微观结构、连通性、力学性能和热处理过程中的行为分析

果胶和微纤化纤维素（MFC）在钙（Ca2+）扩散过程中形成具有可改变微观结构的复合材料。本研究旨在分析Ca2+扩散引起的果胶-微纤化纤维素（PMFC）复合材料的微观结构变化、化学组成和结构连通性。它还研究了改性结构如何影响热处理和压缩力。用MFC悬浮液和果胶模拟植物细胞壁成分配制PMFC，用氢氧化钙溶液预处理，并进行热处理。扫描电镜分析表明，果胶和MFC形成了大的、纤维化的、无定形的结构。钙预处理PMFC后，与无钙结构相比，PMFC具有更短的微观结构和更多的骨架和分支（Ca2+支化排列），其三维网络结构得到了修饰。EDX分析显示，在不同的PMFC厚度处，钙离子呈峰值分布，随着PMFC中钙含量的增加，钙离子的扩散系数达到3.25 × 10−10 m2/s。Ca2+支化结构在热处理过程中保持稳定，防止变形和坍塌，水分扩散系数为2.80 × 10−9 m2/s。此外，Ca2+支化结构在压缩过程中提供了硬度、弹性和抗应力变形能力。即使在果胶和MFC之间的物理化学相互作用发生后，Ca2+也会改变三维网络。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 生物-生化与分子生物学

CiteScore

13.70

自引率

9.80%

发文量

2728

审稿时长

64 days

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Biological Macromolecules is a well-established international journal dedicated to research on the chemical and biological aspects of natural macromolecules. Focusing on proteins, macromolecular carbohydrates, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, lignins, biological poly-acids, and nucleic acids, the journal presents the latest findings in molecular structure, properties, biological activities, interactions, modifications, and functional properties. Papers must offer new and novel insights, encompassing related model systems, structural conformational studies, theoretical developments, and analytical techniques. Each paper is required to primarily focus on at least one named biological macromolecule, reflected in the title, abstract, and text.