Interpreting DNA under fingernails given activity level propositions.

John Buckleton, Duncan Taylor, James Curran, Simone Gittelson, Tim Kalafut
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Abstract

We have generated a general lookup table of LRs that could be used in the general case of a person of interest (POI) accused of attacking a complainant and the evidence is DNA from fingernails of the complainant. We consider that social interaction may have occurred between the complainant and the POI or others, comments from the complainant about scratching the attacker (or not), and visible scratches on the POI (or not). The LRs are generally small, ranging from a few thousand to less than one. If POI and no other DNA (except the complainant (C)) are present with no opportunity for social interaction between C and POI, then the LR is assigned a value in the thousands. The evidence supports the Hp proposition (LR between 3 and 10) more than the alternative if there has been socialization between C and POI, and as long as there is no unknown DNA observed. The presence of unknown DNA as well as POI DNA gives LRs from 500 to 700 in the absence of social contact between C and POI. The evidence is neutral if neither POI nor unknown DNA is present. DNA analysis of fingernails is exculpatory if the POI is excluded from the findings and unknown DNA is present. Considering whether the complainant claims to have scratched her attacker increases the discrimination power of the model by a small amount, increasing the support for Hp when only POI DNA is present, or increasing the support for Ha if only unknown DNA is present.

根据活动水平推断指甲下的DNA。
我们生成了一个LRs的一般查找表,可用于被指控攻击投诉人的利害关系人(POI)的一般案件,证据是投诉人指甲上的DNA。我们认为社会互动可能发生在投诉人和POI或其他人之间,投诉人关于抓伤攻击者(或没有)的评论,以及POI上可见的抓伤(或没有)。LRs通常很小,从几千个到不到一个不等。如果POI和没有其他DNA(除了投诉人(C))存在,那么C和POI之间没有社会互动的机会,那么LR的值以千为单位。如果C和POI之间存在社会化,只要没有观察到未知的DNA,那么证据更支持Hp命题(LR在3到10之间)。未知DNA和POI DNA的存在使C和POI之间没有社会接触的LRs从500到700不等。如果不存在POI或未知DNA,则证据是中性的。DNA分析指甲是无罪的,如果发现排除POI和未知的DNA存在。考虑到投诉人是否声称抓伤了她的攻击者,会使模型的辨别能力小幅提高,当只有POI DNA存在时,会增加对Hp的支持,或者当只有未知DNA存在时,会增加对Ha的支持。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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