Cyclodextrin metal-organic framework design principles and functionalization for biomedical application

Abstract

Cyclodextrin based metal-organic frameworks (CD-MOFs) have emerged as a groundbreaking class of biomaterials, combining biocompatibility, structural versatility, and tunable porosity for diverse applications. Despite their promise, challenges such as aqueous instability, scalability, and precise functionalization hinder their full potential. This review systematically examines CD-MOF design principles, synthesis strategies, and post-synthetic modifications to address these limitations. We highlight the relationship between framework architecture and drug encapsulation/release mechanisms, offering insights into enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Advanced functionalization techniques including ligand grafting, stimuli-responsive systems, and hybrid composites are explored to improve stability and targeting precision. Furthermore, we discuss CD-MOF composites for scalable drug delivery and sensing applications. Safety profiles and industrial challenges are thoroughly explored, with forward-looking perspectives on AI-driven solutions. This review establishes a foundational framework for CD-MOFs, highlighting their transformative potential in biomedical application. The insights gained here will guide the development of next-generation CD-MOFs, leveraging their unique properties to advance biomedical research and clinical applications.