{"title":"Standardisation framework for metal additive manufacturing in construction","authors":"Xin Meng, Leroy Gardner","doi":"10.1016/j.autcon.2025.106267","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wire-arc directed energy deposition (DED-Arc), also known as wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), brings about unprecedented opportunities in the construction sector to improve material efficiency, enhance automation and reduce embodied carbon. To address the current standardisation gap, a normative framework for the use of DED-Arc in construction is proposed in this paper. The current standardisation landscape for additive manufacturing and steel construction is firstly introduced. The standardisation requirements for DED-Arc in construction, encompassing qualification, structural design and execution, are outlined. A quality classification system for DED-Arc construction products and qualification requirements for the manufacturing process and finished parts are required. Regarding the structural design, modifications and additional rules to the Eurocode 3 are needed for DED-Arc structural components, in terms of design material and geometric properties, design methods, reliability and design for long-term and extreme actions. Finally, additional requirements for the execution of steel structures featuring DED-Arc are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8660,"journal":{"name":"Automation in Construction","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 106267"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Automation in Construction","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926580525003073","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Wire-arc directed energy deposition (DED-Arc), also known as wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), brings about unprecedented opportunities in the construction sector to improve material efficiency, enhance automation and reduce embodied carbon. To address the current standardisation gap, a normative framework for the use of DED-Arc in construction is proposed in this paper. The current standardisation landscape for additive manufacturing and steel construction is firstly introduced. The standardisation requirements for DED-Arc in construction, encompassing qualification, structural design and execution, are outlined. A quality classification system for DED-Arc construction products and qualification requirements for the manufacturing process and finished parts are required. Regarding the structural design, modifications and additional rules to the Eurocode 3 are needed for DED-Arc structural components, in terms of design material and geometric properties, design methods, reliability and design for long-term and extreme actions. Finally, additional requirements for the execution of steel structures featuring DED-Arc are discussed.
期刊介绍:
Automation in Construction is an international journal that focuses on publishing original research papers related to the use of Information Technologies in various aspects of the construction industry. The journal covers topics such as design, engineering, construction technologies, and the maintenance and management of constructed facilities.
The scope of Automation in Construction is extensive and covers all stages of the construction life cycle. This includes initial planning and design, construction of the facility, operation and maintenance, as well as the eventual dismantling and recycling of buildings and engineering structures.