Mechanisms of O3 and PM2.5 evolution along the cold wave passage in Eastern China

IF 8.5 1区地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Pub Date : 2025-05-24 DOI:10.1038/s41612-025-01088-8

Min Shao, Changhui Xu, Shun Lv, Xueren Jin, Qing Mu, Jialei Zhu

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Abstract

Cold wave (CW) systems in China, driven by strong northerly winds, typically clean the atmosphere but can also transport pollutants. However, elevated PM_2.5 and O₃ levels often precede CW events, with key processes remaining unclear. This study analyzes over 2000 in-situ observations (2014–2022), atmospheric reanalysis, and WRF-CAMx simulations to examine CW impacts on air pollution over eastern China. A three-day compressional heating period before CW events alters planetary boundary layer (PBL) dynamics, influencing pollutant levels. PM_2.5 is driven by wind speed, PBL height (PBLH), and mean sea level pressure (MSLP), while O₃ is influenced by temperature, humidity, solar radiation, PBLH, and MSLP. Though CWs generally clean the air on the day of its arrival, ~18% of cases show increased PM_2.5 due to enhanced secondary formation and suppressed PBLH. Numerical simulations reveal CW-induced long-range pollutant transport and highlight critical meteorological-pollution interactions before CW events.

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中国东部冷潮通道O3和PM2.5演变机制

中国的寒潮（CW）系统由强大的北风驱动，通常可以清洁大气，但也可以运输污染物。然而，PM2.5和O3水平的升高通常发生在连续气候事件之前，其关键过程尚不清楚。本研究分析了2000多个现场观测（2014-2022年）、大气再分析和WRF-CAMx模拟，以研究连续波对中国东部空气污染的影响。连续波事件发生前的3天压缩加热期改变了行星边界层动力学，影响污染物水平。PM2.5受风速、边界层高度（PBLH）和平均海平面压力（MSLP）驱动，而O3受温度、湿度、太阳辐射、PBLH和MSLP的影响。虽然化学武器通常在抵达当天就能清洁空气，但由于二次形成增强和PBLH抑制，约18%的病例显示PM2.5增加。数值模拟揭示了CW引起的长距离污染物输送，并强调了CW事件发生前关键的气象-污染相互作用。

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来源期刊

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science Earth and Planetary Sciences-Atmospheric Science

CiteScore

8.80

自引率

3.30%

发文量

审稿时长

21 weeks

期刊介绍： npj Climate and Atmospheric Science is an open-access journal encompassing the relevant physical, chemical, and biological aspects of atmospheric and climate science. The journal places particular emphasis on regional studies that unveil new insights into specific localities, including examinations of local atmospheric composition, such as aerosols. The range of topics covered by the journal includes climate dynamics, climate variability, weather and climate prediction, climate change, ocean dynamics, weather extremes, air pollution, atmospheric chemistry (including aerosols), the hydrological cycle, and atmosphere–ocean and atmosphere–land interactions. The journal welcomes studies employing a diverse array of methods, including numerical and statistical modeling, the development and application of in situ observational techniques, remote sensing, and the development or evaluation of new reanalyses.