Outbreak of Schistosomiasis mansoni in a Spanish dance and percussion ensemble acquired in the Republic of Guinea.

Abstract

Introduction: Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease endemic in 78 countries worldwide. The acute phase, commonly referred to as Katayama fever, is more frequently observed in travelers than in migrants. Despite significant progress in understanding its pathology, many aspects of this disease remain unclear, posing challenges to timely diagnosis and management.

Methods: This observational retrospective study was conducted at the National Referral Unit for Imported Tropical Diseases, located at Hospital La Paz-Carlos III in Madrid, Spain. The study included a total of 14 members of a dance and percussion ensemble that traveled to the Republic of Guinea from March 3 to March 18, 2023. Patients with confirmed or probable schistosomiasis were included in the analysis.

Results: Twelve patients had suspected acute schistosomiasis. Of these, 78.5% were female. The predominant clinical manifestations included fever (91.6%), eosinophilia (100%), acute diarrhea (91.6%), and abdominal pain (83.3%). All patients reported a history of freshwater exposure in Guinea. Schistosoma serology was positive in all cases, and stool samples from five patients revealed the presence of Schistosoma mansoni eggs. Acute symptoms were managed with corticosteroids, leading to clinical improvement in all cases. Thereafter, all patients were treated with praziquantel at a dose of 40mg/kg/day, administered in two separate doses four weeks apart.

Conclusion: Freshwater exposure in tropical regions is the primary risk factor for acquiring schistosomiasis. Early diagnosis and treatment during the acute phase are crucial to prevent complications and long-term sequelae.