Identifying key barriers and facilitators to implementing a WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control-guided tobacco control policy in Mexico.

IF 4 2区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Tobacco Control Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI:10.1136/tc-2024-059068

Eric Crosbie, Sara Perez, Katherine Rojas Barreto, Adriana Rocha Camarena, Valentina Ochoa, Alejandra Bolanos Casarin, Gianella Severini, Patricia Gutkowski, Patricia Sosa, Ernesto Marcelo Sebrié

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: To document the key barriers and facilitators to implementing a WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control-guided tobacco control law in Mexico.

Methods: We analysed public submissions to the 2022 General Law for Tobacco Control (GLTC) regulations and interviewed 14 key stakeholders. We applied the Policy Dystopia Model and thematic framework analysis to examine the data.

Results: Between July and November 2022, 421 public comments (376 in opposition, 38 in favour) were submitted to the GLTC regulations. The top opposing discursive strategies (80.5%) argued the regulations would cause unanticipated costs to the economy, society and public health. The top supporting discursive strategies (50.5%) argued the policy would protect people who do not smoke and save lives, which led to upholding strong regulations. Key barriers to implementation included industry interference, monitoring and evaluation system legal issues, lack of funding and resources, government system coordination issues and a lack in organisational knowledge. The tobacco and restaurant industry and convenience stores filed over 2500 constitutional lawsuits (amparos) throughout Mexico challenging the regulation's legality, which has delayed and undermined enforcement. Key facilitators included government and intergovernmental support, financial mechanisms and health advocacy support, which contributed to education efforts, increased monitoring and technical support to address injunctions.

Conclusion: The tobacco industry remains the biggest barrier to implementation, using legal and economic arguments to weaken regulations and shifting venues to the judicial branch to undermine enforcement efforts. Lack of resources and legal delays remain key barriers. Financial and technical support and communicating the economic importance of tobacco control can help uphold strong regulations. More efforts are needed to educate judicial systems to protect policies.

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确定在墨西哥实施以《世卫组织烟草控制框架公约》为指导的烟草控制政策的主要障碍和促进因素。

目的：记录在墨西哥实施以《世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约》为指导的烟草控制法律的主要障碍和促进因素。方法：我们分析了公众对2022年《烟草控制总法》（GLTC）法规的意见，并采访了14位主要利益相关者。我们运用政策反乌托邦模型和专题框架分析来检验数据。结果：在2022年7月至11月期间，共有421份公众意见（376份反对，38份赞成）提交给GLTC法规。最主要的反对话语策略（80.5%）认为，这些规定将对经济、社会和公共卫生造成意想不到的成本。支持该政策的人数最多的（50.5%）认为，该政策将保护不吸烟的人并挽救生命，这导致了支持强有力的监管。实施的主要障碍包括行业干预、监测和评估系统法律问题、缺乏资金和资源、政府系统协调问题以及缺乏组织知识。烟草业、餐饮业和便利店在墨西哥各地提起了2500多起宪法诉讼（amparos），质疑该规定的合法性，这推迟并破坏了执行。主要的促进因素包括政府和政府间支助、财政机制和保健宣传支助，这些支助有助于教育工作、加强监测和技术支助，以执行禁令。结论：烟草业仍然是实施的最大障碍，利用法律和经济理由削弱法规，并将场所转移到司法部门以破坏执法工作。缺乏资源和法律延误仍然是主要障碍。财政和技术支持以及宣传烟草控制的经济重要性有助于维持强有力的法规。需要作出更多努力，教育司法系统保护政策。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Tobacco Control 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

9.10

自引率

26.90%

发文量

223

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Tobacco Control is an international peer-reviewed journal covering the nature and consequences of tobacco use worldwide; tobacco''s effects on population health, the economy, the environment, and society; efforts to prevent and control the global tobacco epidemic through population-level education and policy changes; the ethical dimensions of tobacco control policies; and the activities of the tobacco industry and its allies.