The role of natural killer T cells in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

International immunopharmacology Pub Date : 2025-05-25 DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114953

Cheng Li , Xiaopo Gao , Yuan Liu , Bin Yang , Hongkai Dai , Hui Zhao , Yongshen Li

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Abstract

The condition of sepsis, defined by the misregulation of the body's defensive mechanisms against infection, culminates in the potential for catastrophic organ damage and stands as a primary driver of mortality in Intensive Care Units (ICU) settings. Among patients in a critical condition, sepsis is a predominant factor in the development of acute kidney injury (AKI), and the death rate among those with both sepsis and AKI is considerably higher, underscoring the importance of addressing this health crisis. Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (S-AKI) is a complex process involving inflammation, microcirculatory issues, and metabolic disorders. Among these, the inflammatory response has become a focal point of interest. Bridging the innate and adaptive immunity, natural killer T (NKT) cells can be rapidly activated in sepsis, contributing to sepsis-associated injury and downstream activation of inflammatory cells through the emission of Th1 or Th2 cytokines. They also contribute to S-AKI through the TNF-α/FasL and perforin pathways. Alpha-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), acting as a powerful activator for type I NKT (iNKT) cells, is able to regulate the secretory profile of iNKT cells, responding to the pro-inflammatory response and immunosuppressive profiles of sepsis. This review examines the part played by NKT cells in S-AKI and whether α-Galcer could function as a significant regulator in sepsis, based on studies of regression-related mechanisms.

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自然杀伤T细胞在脓毒症相关急性肾损伤中的作用

脓毒症是指机体对感染的防御机制失调，最终导致潜在的灾难性器官损伤，并成为重症监护病房（ICU）死亡率的主要驱动因素。在危重患者中，脓毒症是急性肾损伤（AKI）发展的主要因素，同时伴有脓毒症和AKI的患者死亡率相当高，强调了解决这一健康危机的重要性。脓毒症相关急性肾损伤（S-AKI）是一个复杂的过程，涉及炎症、微循环问题和代谢紊乱。其中，炎症反应已成为人们关注的焦点。作为先天免疫和适应性免疫的桥梁，自然杀伤T （NKT）细胞可以在败血症中迅速激活，通过释放Th1或Th2细胞因子，促进败血症相关损伤和下游炎症细胞的激活。它们还通过TNF-α/FasL和穿孔素途径促进S-AKI。α-半乳糖神经酰胺（α-GalCer）作为I型NKT （iNKT）细胞的强大激活剂，能够调节iNKT细胞的分泌谱，响应脓毒症的促炎反应和免疫抑制谱。本文综述了NKT细胞在S-AKI中所起的作用，以及α-Galcer是否可以作为脓毒症的重要调节剂，基于回归相关机制的研究。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International immunopharmacology 医学-免疫学

CiteScore

8.40

自引率

3.60%

发文量

935

审稿时长

53 days

期刊介绍： International Immunopharmacology is the primary vehicle for the publication of original research papers pertinent to the overlapping areas of immunology, pharmacology, cytokine biology, immunotherapy, immunopathology and immunotoxicology. Review articles that encompass these subjects are also welcome. The subject material appropriate for submission includes: • Clinical studies employing immunotherapy of any type including the use of: bacterial and chemical agents; thymic hormones, interferon, lymphokines, etc., in transplantation and diseases such as cancer, immunodeficiency, chronic infection and allergic, inflammatory or autoimmune disorders. • Studies on the mechanisms of action of these agents for specific parameters of immune competence as well as the overall clinical state. • Pre-clinical animal studies and in vitro studies on mechanisms of action with immunopotentiators, immunomodulators, immunoadjuvants and other pharmacological agents active on cells participating in immune or allergic responses. • Pharmacological compounds, microbial products and toxicological agents that affect the lymphoid system, and their mechanisms of action. • Agents that activate genes or modify transcription and translation within the immune response. • Substances activated, generated, or released through immunologic or related pathways that are pharmacologically active. • Production, function and regulation of cytokines and their receptors. • Classical pharmacological studies on the effects of chemokines and bioactive factors released during immunological reactions.