Development of a 3D-printed skull positioning device for forensic dental radiography.

Abstract

In forensic autopsies of unidentified decedents, the collection of biological identification information is essential. However, when a body is discovered after a prolonged post-mortem interval, decomposition often results in the loss of primary identifiers, such as fingerprints, complicating the identification process. In such cases, forensic odontological analysis of the teeth and surrounding structures provides critical information. Post-mortem dental radiography is a fundamental component of this analysis. However, conventional panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography systems have been designed for use on living individuals, making accurate positioning and stabilization of the skull for radiographic acquisition particularly challenging with these systems. Even when imaging is successfully performed, anatomical alterations and the loss of soft tissue structures in the craniofacial region can lead to radiographs with inconsistent resolution, particularly in the maxilla and mandible. This study aims to design and fabricate a device that enables precise and stable skull positioning during post-mortem panoramic dental radiography while ensuring uniform image resolution. We successfully designed a device using readily available materials with a straightforward design. The device is easily attachable to existing panoramic radiography equipment and ensures consistent radiographic quality by addressing anatomical discrepancies between antemortem and post-mortem conditions. The broad application of the proposed skull positioning and stabilization device, as well as the manufacturing process, in forensic odontological investigations may enhance the efficiency and accuracy of the identification process for unidentified decedents.