Cytochrome bd-type oxidases and environmental stressors in microbial physiology.

Advances in microbial physiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-30 DOI:10.1016/bs.ampbs.2024.05.001
Vitaliy B Borisov, Giorgio Giardina, Gianluca Pistoia, Elena Forte
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Abstract

Cytochrome bd is a tri-haem copper-free terminal oxidase of many respiratory chains of prokaryotes with unique structural and functional characteristics. As the other membrane-bound terminal oxidases, this enzyme couples the four-electron reduction of oxygen to water with the generation of a proton motive force used for ATP synthesis but the molecular mechanism does not include proton pumping. Beyond its bioenergetic role, cytochrome bd is involved in resistance to several stressors and affords protection against oxidative and nitrosative stress. These features agree with its expression in many bacterial pathogens. The importance for bacterial virulence and the absence of eukaryotic homologues make this enzyme an ideal target for new antimicrobial drugs. This review aims to provide an update on the current knowledge about cytochrome bd in light of recent advances in the structural characterisation of this enzyme, focussing on its reactivity with environmental stressors.

微生物生理学中的细胞色素bd型氧化酶和环境应激因子。
细胞色素bd是许多原核生物呼吸链的无铜末端氧化酶,具有独特的结构和功能特征。与其他膜结合末端氧化酶一样,该酶将氧的四电子还原成水,并产生用于ATP合成的质子动力,但其分子机制不包括质子泵送。除了它的生物能量作用外,细胞色素bd还参与抵抗多种应激源,并提供抗氧化和亚硝化应激的保护。这些特征与它在许多细菌病原体中的表达一致。细菌毒力的重要性和真核同源物的缺乏使这种酶成为新的抗菌药物的理想靶标。这篇综述的目的是根据细胞色素bd酶的结构特征的最新进展提供最新的知识,重点是它与环境应激源的反应性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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