The diversity of physiology and metabolism in chlorophototrophic bacteria.

Advances in microbial physiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-12 DOI:10.1016/bs.ampbs.2025.02.003
Isaac S White, Daniel P Canniffe, Andrew Hitchcock
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Abstract

Photosynthesis by (bacterio)chlorophyll-producing organisms ("chlorophototrophy") sustains virtually all life on Earth, providing the biosphere with food and energy. The oxygenic process carried out by plants, algae and cyanobacteria also generates the oxygen we breathe, and ancient cyanobacteria were responsible for oxygenating the atmosphere, creating the conditions that allowed the evolution of complex life. Cyanobacteria were also the endosymbiotic progenitors of chloroplasts, play major roles in biogeochemical cycles and as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems, and act as genetically tractable model organisms for studying oxygenic photosynthesis. In addition to the Cyanobacteriota, eight other bacterial phyla, namely Proteobacteria/Pseudomonadota, Chlorobiota, Chloroflexota, Bacillota, Acidobacteriota, Gemmatimonadota, Vulcanimicrobiota and Myxococcota contain at least one putative chlorophototrophic species, all of which perform a variant of anoxygenic photosynthesis, which does not yield oxygen as a by-product. These chlorophototrophic organisms display incredible diversity in the habitats that they colonise, and in their biochemistry, physiology and metabolism, with variation in the light-harvesting complexes and pigments they produce to utilise solar energy. Whilst some are very well understood, such as the proteobacterial 'purple bacteria', others have only been identified in the last few years and therefore relatively little is known about them - especially those that have not yet been isolated and cultured. In this chapter, we aim to summarise and compare the photosynthetic physiology and central metabolic processes of chlorophototrophic members from the nine phyla in which they are found, giving both a short historical perspective and highlighting gaps in our understanding.

叶绿素营养细菌生理代谢的多样性。
光合作用(细菌)产生叶绿素的生物体(“叶绿素营养”)维持着地球上几乎所有的生命,为生物圈提供食物和能量。植物、藻类和蓝藻进行的产氧过程也产生了我们呼吸的氧气,而古代的蓝藻负责给大气充氧,为复杂生命的进化创造了条件。蓝藻也是叶绿体的内共生祖先,在生物地球化学循环中起着重要作用,是水生生态系统的初级生产者,是研究含氧光合作用的遗传易学模式生物。除了蓝藻门,其他8个细菌门,即变形菌门/假单胞菌门、绿菌门、绿柔菌门、杆菌门、酸菌门、双胞菌门、Vulcanimicrobiota和黏菌门,至少含有一种假定的养绿物种,所有这些细菌都进行一种无氧光合作用的变体,这种光合作用不产生氧气作为副产物。这些叶绿素营养生物在它们定居的栖息地、生物化学、生理和新陈代谢方面表现出令人难以置信的多样性,它们利用太阳能产生的光收集复合物和色素也各不相同。虽然有些细菌已经被很好地理解了,比如变形细菌“紫色细菌”,但其他细菌是在最近几年才被发现的,因此对它们的了解相对较少,尤其是那些尚未被分离和培养的细菌。在本章中,我们的目的是总结和比较来自9个门的叶绿素营养成员的光合生理和中心代谢过程,给出一个简短的历史观点,并突出我们的理解差距。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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