Agricultural practices and biological characteristics as determinants of the prevalence of human pathogens A. fumigatus sensu stricto and A. udagawae.

IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Freddy Villanueva-Cotrina, Guillermo García-Effron, Soledad Gamarra, Julieta Mariana Rojas, Heli Barron-Pastor, Melina Lorenzini, Gustavo Giusiano
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Abstract

Aspergillus section Fumigati (ASF) comprise saprophytic moulds that naturally inhabit a wide range of biomes including cultivated soils where climatic factors and agricultural practices can influence the composition of fungal communities. A. fumigatus sensu stricto is the leading cause of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised individuals, but closely related species have also emerged as important pathogens. We analyzed 29 soil samples (13 from orchards and 16 from conventional agricultural soils) collected at different times and seasons. Interestingly, the 48 ASF strains isolated matched to only two species, typified as A. fumigatus sensu stricto (28) and A. udagawae (20). Significant differences in the prevalence of both species were observed. A higher recovery of A. fumigatus sensu stricto was obtained in spring and A. udagawae in summer and winter. Considering the agricultural production system, A. fumigatus sensu stricto was more prevalent in agroecological orchards and A. udagawae in conventional agricultural soils. Our results suggest that the presence of only these two species may be attributed to their distinctive biological characteristics and the climatic conditions prevailing in the study area. While the prevalence of A. fumigatus sensu stricto in agroecological orchards and A. udagawae in conventional agriculture, may be a result of the ecological impact of agricultural production systems. Our study provides empirical evidence in support of a potential model whereby the presence and distribution of ASF species in agricultural soils may be driven by two key factors: their biological characteristics and the use of agrochemical compounds for crop production.

农业实践和生物学特性作为人类病原体严格感烟曲霉和乌达川烟曲霉流行的决定因素。
烟熏曲霉(Aspergillus section Fumigati, ASF)由腐生霉菌组成,自然栖息在广泛的生物群落中,包括气候因素和农业实践可以影响真菌群落组成的耕地土壤。严格感烟曲霉是免疫功能低下个体侵袭性曲霉病的主要原因,但密切相关的物种也已成为重要的病原体。我们分析了在不同时间和季节收集的29个土壤样品(13个来自果园,16个来自传统农业土壤)。有趣的是,分离到的48株非洲猪瘟菌株仅与两种相匹配,分别为严格感烟曲霉(28)和乌达加威(20)。观察到两种物种的流行率有显著差异。严感烟曲霉在春季和冬夏两季的回收率均较高。从农业生产系统来看,严格烟曲霉在农业生态果园中更为普遍,在常规农业土壤中更为普遍。我们的研究结果表明,这两个物种的存在可能归因于它们独特的生物学特征和研究地区的气候条件。而在农业生态果园和传统农业中,严格感烟曲霉的流行可能是农业生产系统生态影响的结果。我们的研究提供了经验证据,支持一个潜在的模型,即非洲猪瘟物种在农业土壤中的存在和分布可能由两个关键因素驱动:它们的生物学特性和用于作物生产的农用化学品的使用。
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来源期刊
Medical mycology
Medical mycology 医学-兽医学
CiteScore
5.70
自引率
3.40%
发文量
632
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: Medical Mycology is a peer-reviewed international journal that focuses on original and innovative basic and applied studies, as well as learned reviews on all aspects of medical, veterinary and environmental mycology as related to disease. The objective is to present the highest quality scientific reports from throughout the world on divergent topics. These topics include the phylogeny of fungal pathogens, epidemiology and public health mycology themes, new approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of mycoses including clinical trials and guidelines, pharmacology and antifungal susceptibilities, changes in taxonomy, description of new or unusual fungi associated with human or animal disease, immunology of fungal infections, vaccinology for prevention of fungal infections, pathogenesis and virulence, and the molecular biology of pathogenic fungi in vitro and in vivo, including genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics. Case reports are no longer accepted. In addition, studies of natural products showing inhibitory activity against pathogenic fungi are not accepted without chemical characterization and identification of the compounds responsible for the inhibitory activity.
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