Needs and Preferences of Swedish Young Adults for a Digital App Promoting Mental Health Literacy, Occupational Balance, and Peer Support: Qualitative Interview Study.

Abstract

Background: Young adults experience stressors in their transition to adulthood and are at increased risk of mental ill-health. This risk is compounded by young adults' low levels of mental health literacy and limited competencies in implementing strategies promoting mental health and well-being in their daily lives. Previous research suggests that digital mental health apps may be particularly effective in increasing the mental health literacy of young adults. In Sweden, there is a lack of research on young adults' unique perspectives on what constitutes mental health, well-being, and ill-health-perspectives that could inform the coproduction of evidence-based interventions targeting these issues.

Objective: The overarching aim of this study was to conduct a needs assessment as part of coproducing a digital mental health app for Swedish young adults. More specifically, the study addressed two research questions: (1) What do Swedish young adults perceive as contributing to the mental health, well-being, and ill-health of themselves and their peers? (2) What are Swedish young adults' preferences and ideas on how a digital mental health app can support their mental health during young adulthood, including their perspectives on the app's usability?

Methods: We conducted semistructured interviews with 16 young adults and analyzed the data using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results: Of the 16 study participants, 9 (56%) identified as women and 7 (44%) as men. Their mean age was 23.6 (SD 4.22; range 18-29) years. Furthermore, 56% (9/16) were pursuing or had obtained a higher education degree, while 44% (7/16) had completed or were in the process of completing a high school diploma. The interviews and subsequent analysis revealed three main themes: (1) "To feel that life is worth living"-pathways through pressures and pursuit of mental well-being during young adulthood, (2) "A personal space for working on one's own mental well-being"-digital companionship with others, and (3) "Something that is designed for me"-customizing one's digital mental health journey.

Conclusions: In line with the preferences of Swedish young adults, the promotion of mental health and well-being through digital technology and eHealth should focus on a customizable app that supports balance in daily life while strengthening mental health competencies. The content should center on fostering and maintaining meaningful relationships and activities, addressing challenges such as negative social media use and stress recovery, and enhancing mental health knowledge and peer support. Future efforts should focus on researching young adults' experiences of the life phase of emerging adulthood and its implications for mental health. In addition, future technical development and research on digital mental health apps should include the perspectives of stakeholders, such as mental health professionals, and involve prototype testing with diverse groups to ensure the app's relevance, user engagement, and effectiveness.