Vitiligo and associated comorbidities: A case-control study in the All of Us database.

Abstract

Recent research has established an association between vitiligo and other autoimmune diseases. Given the systemic inflammation, there are likely other comorbidities with vitiligo that are not as well established. We identified 1,074 vitiligo patients and 4,296 matched controls in the All of Us database. Conditional logistic regression estimated the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 29 select comorbid conditions for vitiligo patients compared to matched controls. The Benjamini-Hochberg method was used to adjust p-values. On logistic regression, vitiligo patients had significantly increased likelihoods of atherosclerotic disease (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.48-2.14, p<0.001), hypertension (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.50-2.03, p<0.001), and hyperlipidemia (OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.99-2.72 p<0.001). Vitiligo patients additionally carried a significant bone and joint, autoimmune, endocrine, and psychiatric comorbidity burden. This convergence highlights the multifaceted nature of vitiligo, prompting a need for investigating therapeutic approaches capable of addressing both vitiligo and its varied comorbidities.