The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of gallic acid and/or cerium oxide nanoparticles synthesized by gamma-irradiation ameliorate cisplatin-induced hepatic injury.

Abstract

Context: Cisplatin is a widely utilised chemotherapeutic agent for cancer therapy, but various systemic toxicities limit its effectiveness.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the hepatoprotective properties expressed by gallic acid (GA) and gamma-irradiation synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) in response to hepatic damage produced by cisplatin in albino rats.

Materials and methods: Serum AST and ALT activities and levels of MDA, TAC, NF‑kB, TNF‑α, and TGF‑β were determined in hepatic tissue, along with histopathological examination.

Results: The executive impact of cisplatin led to a notable rise in the serum activity of hepatic enzymes AST and ALT. Conversely, in the groups receiving treatment with either or both GA and CONPs, the liver function enzymes exhibited a decline in their activity. In addition, in the hepatotoxicity models, the levels of hepatic MDA were significantly increased, accompanied by a reduction of hepatic TAC. While administration of GA, CONPs or their combination to cisplatin-injected rats resulted in a noteworthy reduction in MDA level. Conversely, the hepatic TAC level increased compared to the group that received cisplatin. The hepatic tissue architecture in rats exposed to cisplatin was found to undergo significant alterations. Furthermore, the cisplatin induced overexpression of NF-kB, TNF-α, and TGF-β. The hepatic histopathological changes observed in rats induced with cisplatin were significantly attenuated after pre-treatment with GA, CONPs, and their combination. GA, CONPs, and their co-administration resulted in reducing the levels of NF-κB, TNF-α and TGF-β compared to the group received cisplatin.

Discussion and conclusion: In summary, GA and CONPs synthesized by gamma-irradiation resulted in a noteworthy reduction of liver damage caused by cisplatin exposure. Their potent antioxidant and immunoprotective properties were cited as the cause of this phenomenon.