Winter use of kill and scavenging sites by wolves in human-modified landscapes

IF 1.9 3区 生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY
O. Gallo, J. Ursitti, P. Ciucci
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Understanding feeding behaviour of large carnivores is crucial for unveiling how adaptations to human-modified landscapes can alter their behaviour and ecological role. In this study, we investigated wolf feeding activity during winter through interpretative field surveys of 454 clusters of GPS locations obtained from 8 wolves in the Abruzzo, Lazio, and Molise national Park (central Italy, 2008–2011). Using generalized linear mixed models, we explored spatio-temporal use of feeding sites (i.e. kill and scavenging sites) accounting for the effect of ecological and anthropogenic factors. We detected feeding activity in 18.1% of the investigated GPS clusters, with 51.5% of the inspected feeding sites indicating scavenging on domestic prey. Wolves used feeding sites for an average of 2.4 days and revisited them about 3 (±2.7) times before being abandoned. Prey type (wild vs. domestic) and wolf category (i.e. solitary floaters, newly established breeding pairs, pack members) affected both prey handling time and recurrency of feeding site use. Pack members (≥3 wolves) spent relatively more time at feeding sites, especially those featuring large prey, and visited them more frequently compared to solitary floaters and wolf pairs. Although wolves used feeding sites mostly during the night, nocturnality significantly decreased with increasing distance to roads but not to settlements. We also revealed that time of cluster formation, number of visits, and mean slope best predict the presence of a feeding site at a GPS cluster. Despite the inclusion of scavenging sites and domestic prey, and limited to prey ≥15 kg, our predictive model would have revealed 62% of the feeding sites in the GPS clusters we investigated, while reducing of about 59% the field time required for ground truthing GPS clusters.

在人类改造的景观中,狼在冬季使用杀戮和食腐地
了解大型食肉动物的进食行为对于揭示对人类改造景观的适应如何改变它们的行为和生态作用至关重要。在这项研究中,我们通过对意大利中部Abruzzo、Lazio和Molise国家公园(2008-2011年)的8只狼的454组GPS位置进行解释性实地调查,调查了狼在冬季的进食活动。利用广义线性混合模型,我们探讨了考虑生态和人为因素影响的取食地点(即杀死和清除地点)的时空利用。我们在18.1%的调查GPS集群中发现了捕食活动,其中51.5%的被检查的捕食点表明捕食家养猎物。狼平均使用喂食地点2.4天,并在被遗弃前重新访问约3(±2.7)次。猎物类型(野生与家养)和狼的种类(即独居者、新建立的繁殖对、狼群成员)影响了猎物处理时间和进食地点的使用频率。群体成员(≥3只狼)在觅食地点停留的时间相对较多,特别是那些有大型猎物的地方,与单独的漂浮物和狼对相比,它们更频繁地去觅食。尽管狼主要在夜间使用觅食地点,但夜间活动明显减少,与道路的距离增加,而与定居点的距离没有增加。我们还发现,集群形成时间、访问次数和平均斜率最能预测GPS集群中觅食点的存在。尽管我们的预测模型包含了食腐地点和家养猎物,并且仅限于≥15 kg的猎物,但我们调查的GPS集群中62%的觅食地点将被显示出来,同时减少了大约59%的地面实况GPS集群所需的现场时间。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Zoology
Journal of Zoology 生物-动物学
CiteScore
3.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
90
审稿时长
2.8 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Zoology publishes high-quality research papers that are original and are of broad interest. The Editors seek studies that are hypothesis-driven and interdisciplinary in nature. Papers on animal behaviour, ecology, physiology, anatomy, developmental biology, evolution, systematics, genetics and genomics will be considered; research that explores the interface between these disciplines is strongly encouraged. Studies dealing with geographically and/or taxonomically restricted topics should test general hypotheses, describe novel findings or have broad implications. The Journal of Zoology aims to maintain an effective but fair peer-review process that recognises research quality as a combination of the relevance, approach and execution of a research study.
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