Development of Silica/Collagen Hybrids Synthesized Via a Simplified Sol-Gel Reaction for Biomaterial Applications

Abstract

In recent years, organic-inorganic hybrid materials have garnered attention due to their combined and enhanced properties. Given this context, this study focused on the development of a silica/collagen (Coll) hybrid with varying concentrations of Coll (2%, 5%, and 8%), utilizing a simple sol-gel process, with triethyl citrate (TEC) as a plasticizer, aiming to create a material suitable for application in the development of new biomaterials. Coll acted as an organic material, associated with its prevalence and importance in the human extracellular matrix, while silica contributed as an inorganic bioactive material. However, the inherent stiffness of these materials was mitigated by the addition of TEC, known for its biodegradability and non-toxic properties, improving the mechanical attributes of the hybrid. FTIR spectra and TGA thermal analysis confirmed the presence of Coll in the synthesized hybrids. Additionally, the thermal analysis revealed that the incorporation of varying concentrations of Coll influenced the material's thermal stability. SEM analysis revealed that the structure of the silica hybrid containing 8% Coll exhibits features characteristic of a fiber-reinforced composite, along with traces of porosity of varying sizes. Mechanical tests indicated that this sample is particularly promising for bone regeneration applications, especially in regions exposed to lower mechanical stress, such as facial bones, or when used in combination with other therapeutic approaches. These findings underscore the potential of this material in the development of biomaterials for biomedical applications.