Quantification and Genotyping of Norovirus in Aerosols from Wastewater Treatment Plants in Thailand

IF 4.1 2区农林科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Food and Environmental Virology Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI:10.1007/s12560-025-09647-1

Leera Kittigul, Kitwadee Rupprom, Yuwanda Thongpanich, Thanakrit Neamhom, Fuangfa Utrarachkij

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Abstract

Norovirus and rotavirus are the major causes of acute gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. Due to their small size, these enteric viruses present in wastewater become aerosolized. The objective of this study was to assess the presence and concentrations of norovirus and rotavirus in aerosol samples collected from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Thailand. A developed method for concentrating viruses and performing molecular detection was used to determine naturally occurring enteric viruses. Of the 24 collected aerosol samples, 8 (33.3%) and 2 (8.3%) tested positive for norovirus RNA using RT-qPCR and RT-nested PCR, respectively. Based on RT-qPCR, norovirus GII RNA was detected more frequently in aerosol samples (7/24, 29.2%) compared to norovirus GI RNA (2/24, 8.3%). The norovirus GI concentrations were 9.8 × 10² and 3.2 × 10³ genome copies/m³. The norovirus GII concentrations ranged from 1.5 × 10² to 5.5 × 10³ genome copies/m³. RT-nested PCR detected norovirus GII RNA and the rare GII.21 norovirus strains were identified in the two aerosol samples. However, rotavirus RNA was not detected in any of the aerosol samples using either RT-qPCR or RT-nested PCR. This study highlights the quantification and genotyping of norovirus in aerosol samples generated from wastewater, suggesting a potential effect of airborne transmission for WWTPs workers.

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泰国污水处理厂气溶胶中诺如病毒的定量和基因分型

诺如病毒和轮状病毒是全世界人类急性胃肠炎的主要病因。由于它们的体积小，这些存在于废水中的肠道病毒会被雾化。本研究的目的是评估从泰国污水处理厂（WWTPs）收集的气溶胶样本中诺如病毒和轮状病毒的存在和浓度。一种开发的浓缩病毒和进行分子检测的方法被用于确定自然发生的肠道病毒。在收集的24份气溶胶样本中，分别有8份（33.3%）和2份（8.3%）采用RT-qPCR和rt -巢式PCR检测诺如病毒RNA阳性。RT-qPCR结果显示，诺如病毒GII RNA在气溶胶样品中的检出率（7/24,29.2%）高于诺如病毒GI RNA（2/24, 8.3%）。诺如病毒GI浓度分别为9.8 × 102和3.2 × 103基因组拷贝/m3。诺如病毒GII浓度范围为1.5 × 102 ~ 5.5 × 103基因组拷贝/m3。rt -巢式PCR检测到诺如病毒GII RNA，并在两份气溶胶样本中鉴定出罕见的GII.21诺如病毒株。然而，使用RT-qPCR或rt -巢式PCR均未在任何气溶胶样品中检测到轮状病毒RNA。本研究强调了从废水中产生的气溶胶样本中诺如病毒的定量和基因分型，表明污水处理厂工人可能受到空气传播的影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Food and Environmental Virology ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-MICROBIOLOGY

CiteScore

6.50

自引率

2.90%

发文量

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Food and Environmental Virology publishes original articles, notes and review articles on any aspect relating to the transmission of pathogenic viruses via the environment (water, air, soil etc.) and foods. This includes epidemiological studies, identification of novel or emerging pathogens, methods of analysis or characterisation, studies on survival and elimination, and development of procedural controls for industrial processes, e.g. HACCP plans. The journal will cover all aspects of this important area, and encompass studies on any human, animal, and plant pathogenic virus which is capable of transmission via the environment or food.