Improved performance of highly sensitive room-temperature ammonia gas sensor with P-type doping carbazole-triazine derivative

IF 5.5 3区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI:10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106197

Yu-Hsiang Cheng , Chien-Chih Chen , Li-Yin Chen , Yi-Jyun Ma , Hsuang-Kai Hsiao , Ying-Chang Lu , Jung-Kang Tu , Hsiao-Wen Zan , Hsin-Fei Meng , Hao-Wu Lin , Yung-Hsu Tai , Mei-Hsin Chen

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

The detection and monitoring of ammonia (NH₃) gas are critical for various applications, including environmental monitoring, industrial safety, and medical diagnostics. NH₃ is a significant biomarker for chronic kidney disease and the effectiveness of hemodialysis, requiring sensors capable of detecting ppb-level concentrations. While advanced analytical techniques meet the sensitivity requirements, their high cost and complex instrumentation limit practical applications. Developing cost-effective, highly sensitive, and user-friendly ammonia sensors remains a priority.

Methods

This study presents a room-temperature NH₃ gas sensor based on 2,4-diphenyl-6-bis(12-phenylindolo)[2,3-a]carbazole-11-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (DIC-TRZ), a material known for its high carrier mobility and stable electrical properties. The sensor was integrated into a vertical nano-junction device structure, and its performance was enhanced using a p-type doping strategy with 1 wt % F4-TCNQ. The operational current, sensitivity, limit of detection (LOD), stability, and selectivity were systematically evaluated.

Key Findings

The DIC-TRZ-based sensor demonstrated excellent ammonia detection performance, with a sensitivity of 0.0467 %/ppb and an LOD of 20.7 ppb for the non-doped device, and a sensitivity of 0.0391 %/ppb and an LOD of 16.0 ppb for the doped device. The sensor exhibited rapid response and recovery times and a stable operational current. The doping strategy increased the current by nearly two orders of magnitude, reaching ∼10⁻⁵ A, significantly improving the signal-to-noise ratio. This enhancement enabled real-time current measurement using a low-cost multimeter, broadening the applicability for environmental monitoring, medical diagnostics, and portable applications.

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p型掺杂咔唑-三嗪衍生物提高室温高灵敏度氨气传感器性能

氨（NH₃）气体的检测和监测对于各种应用都是至关重要的，包括环境监测、工业安全和医疗诊断。NH₃是慢性肾脏疾病和血液透析有效性的重要生物标志物，需要能够检测ppb水平浓度的传感器。虽然先进的分析技术可以满足灵敏度要求，但其高成本和复杂的仪器限制了实际应用。开发具有成本效益，高灵敏度和用户友好的氨传感器仍然是一个优先事项。方法研究了一种基于2,4-二苯基-6-双（12-苯基lindolo）[2,3-a]咔唑-11-基)-1,3,5-三嗪（dc - trz）的室温NH₃气体传感器，这种材料以其高载流子迁移率和稳定的电性能而闻名。将传感器集成到垂直纳米结器件结构中，并使用1 wt % F4-TCNQ的p型掺杂策略增强其性能。系统地评价了工作电流、灵敏度、检出限（LOD）、稳定性和选择性。关键发现基于dic - trz的传感器具有优异的氨检测性能，未掺杂器件的灵敏度为0.0467% /ppb， LOD为20.7 ppb，掺杂器件的灵敏度为0.0391% /ppb， LOD为16.0 ppb。该传感器具有快速的响应和恢复时间以及稳定的工作电流。掺杂策略将电流提高了近两个数量级，达到∼10⁻- A，显著提高了信噪比。这一改进使使用低成本万用表进行实时电流测量成为可能，扩大了环境监测、医疗诊断和便携式应用的适用性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

9.10

自引率

14.00%

发文量

362

审稿时长

35 days

期刊介绍： Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers (formerly known as Journal of the Chinese Institute of Chemical Engineers) publishes original works, from fundamental principles to practical applications, in the broad field of chemical engineering with special focus on three aspects: Chemical and Biomolecular Science and Technology, Energy and Environmental Science and Technology, and Materials Science and Technology. Authors should choose for their manuscript an appropriate aspect section and a few related classifications when submitting to the journal online.