“Cassia auriculata-derived silver nanoparticles as a novel male contraceptive agent”

Abstract

Introduction

The development of male contraception remains a crucial area of research in reproductive health. Nanotechnology offers innovative solutions, with plant-derived nanoparticles emerging as potential antifertility agents. This study explores the antifertility effects of Cassia auriculata-derived silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a novel approach to male contraception. Cassia auriculata, a medicinal plant with known therapeutic properties, plants of the genus Cassia are used mainly in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to control type 2 diabetes, skin and wound healing, as a mild laxative, and for urinary tract health, with active constituents including 1-Tetradecanol, Anthraquinone, Emodin, Quercetin-3-glucoside, β-sitosterol, Rutin, β-sitosterol-β-D-glucoside, was utilized for the green synthesis of AgNPs, ensuring eco-friendliness and biocompatibility.

Methods

The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD (X-Ray diffraction), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red), DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering), Zeta Potential, and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) to confirm their physicochemical properties.

Results

In vivo studies on male albino rats revealed significant reductions in sperm density and motility, alongside alterations in testicular and epididymal histology, indicating impaired spermatogenesis. Hormonal analysis showed a decline in testosterone levels, further supporting the antifertility potential of these nanoparticles. Importantly, toxicity assessments confirmed minimal systemic side effects, highlighting their safety profile.

Discussion

The findings suggest that Cassia auriculata-derived AgNPs could be a promising non-hormonal male contraceptive with reversible effects. This research underscores the potential of nanotechnology in reproductive health and paves the way for further clinical investigations into plant-based nanoparticle contraceptives.