DNA index determination by flow cytometry and TEM imaging of the ultrastructure of L929 cells exposed to a Euro 6 diesel exhaust gas mixture in a Bio-Ambient-Tests chamber

Abstract

Despite the development of electromobility, diesel engines still constitute a significant share of transportation. Given the complex composition of diesel exhaust emissions and their potential cytotoxic effects, it is crucial to investigate their impact on cellular structures to better understand their implications for human health. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a Euro 6 diesel exhaust gas mixture on L929 cells. The research was conducted using the BAT-CELL method, which allows for the direct exposure of cells to pollutants under controlled laboratory conditions. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze the cell cycle and determine viability of cells, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to assess the ultrastructure of the cells. The results revealed significant changes in cell structure and differences in proliferation and viability depending on the engine operating conditions. Notably, exposure to exhaust gases during idling and at a speed of 120 km/h led to significant mitochondrial damage and the activation of death processes. These findings provide important data on the cytotoxicity of diesel exhaust gases and may contribute to a better understanding of the impact of pollutants on human health.