The effect of long-term, extremely high organic fertilization on the composition of soil organic matter

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research Pub Date : 2025-05-24 DOI:10.1016/j.still.2025.106661

Jakob Magid , Gerald Jandl , Dorette Sophie Müller-Stöver , Peter Karl Leinweber

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Soil organic matter (SOM) composition is influenced by the input of organic materials. The chemical composition of SOM resulting from the input and turnover of large amounts of manure and waste is insufficiently known to weigh up the risks against the possible benefits. Therefore, we aimed to determine the molecular-chemical composition of SOM in four different treatments of NPK (control), compost, farmyard manure, and sewage sludge from a Danish experimental field by pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS) and size/density fractionation. The amounts were applied over 17 years and correspond to inputs that in total exceed what can be legally applied over a period of > 100 years. The order of soil C-content was household waste compost (CHA) > cattle manure (CMA) > sewage sludge (SA) > NPK. All three organic amendments resulted in larger proportions of lignin dimers, lipids and free fatty acids in the soil compared to the NPK treatment. The treatments CHA and CMA added disproportionally large amounts to the proportions of particulate organic matter (POM; >63 µm, <2 g cm⁻³) that is considered labile and potentially mineralizable. However, enrichments occurred in relatively recalcitrant compound classes like lignin dimers and lipids, and in the thermally stable proportions of other compound classes (carbohydrates and various N-containing compounds), that are interpreted as being mineral-associated. This provides evidence for the presence of stable organic matter originating from the organic amendments. The increase in SOC stocks, relative to the total carbon input over the course of the experiment, indicates that the SOC building potential of the materials differed in the following order: CHA > SA > CMA. Large-scale application of compost from household waste and sewage sludge, in addition to the traditional farm-scale soil amendment with cattle manure, could therefore contribute to mitigate climate change caused by elevated CO₂ concentrations in the atmosphere.

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长期超高有机肥对土壤有机质组成的影响

土壤有机质组成受有机质输入量的影响。由于大量粪肥和废物的投入和周转而产生的SOM的化学成分尚不充分，无法衡量其风险与可能的利益。因此，我们旨在通过热解场电离质谱法（Py-FIMS）和粒径/密度分馏法测定丹麦实验田氮磷钾（对照）、堆肥、农家肥和污水污泥四种不同处理下SOM的分子化学组成。这些金额是在17年的时间里使用的，相当于超过了在 100年的时间内合法使用的总投入。土壤碳含量顺序为：生活垃圾堆肥（CHA） >； 牛粪（CMA） >； 污泥（SA） >； 氮磷钾。与氮磷钾处理相比，三种有机肥处理均提高了土壤中木质素二聚体、脂类和游离脂肪酸的比例。CHA和CMA处理对颗粒物有机物（POM）比例的增加不成比例；>63 µm, <2 g cm−3)，被认为是不稳定的和潜在的矿化。然而，富集发生在相对顽固的化合物类中，如木质素二聚体和脂类，以及在其他化合物类（碳水化合物和各种含n化合物）的热稳定比例中，这些化合物被解释为与矿物质相关。这为存在源于有机修正的稳定有机质提供了证据。在整个实验过程中，碳储量相对于总碳输入的增加表明，材料的碳积累潜力的不同顺序如下：CHA >； SA >； CMA。因此，除了传统的农场规模的牛粪土壤改善剂之外，大规模使用家庭垃圾和污水污泥堆肥可能有助于缓解大气中二氧化碳浓度升高引起的气候变化。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Soil & Tillage Research 农林科学-土壤科学

CiteScore

13.00

自引率

6.20%

发文量

266

审稿时长

5 months

期刊介绍： Soil & Tillage Research examines the physical, chemical and biological changes in the soil caused by tillage and field traffic. Manuscripts will be considered on aspects of soil science, physics, technology, mechanization and applied engineering for a sustainable balance among productivity, environmental quality and profitability. The following are examples of suitable topics within the scope of the journal of Soil and Tillage Research: The agricultural and biosystems engineering associated with tillage (including no-tillage, reduced-tillage and direct drilling), irrigation and drainage, crops and crop rotations, fertilization, rehabilitation of mine spoils and processes used to modify soils. Soil change effects on establishment and yield of crops, growth of plants and roots, structure and erosion of soil, cycling of carbon and nutrients, greenhouse gas emissions, leaching, runoff and other processes that affect environmental quality. Characterization or modeling of tillage and field traffic responses, soil, climate, or topographic effects, soil deformation processes, tillage tools, traction devices, energy requirements, economics, surface and subsurface water quality effects, tillage effects on weed, pest and disease control, and their interactions.