Palladium based ZIFs: Heterogeneous catalysts for coupling and selective hydrogenation reactions

Abstract

This review highlights the recent progress of Pd-based Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) materials in coupling reactions and selective hydrogenation processes. Pd exhibits superior catalytic performance in various organic reactions due to large surface area, tunable pore size, and improved stability when incorporated into ZIFs. This is reflected in the high efficiency, selectivity, and reproducibility of the material for the various C–C and C–N coupling reactions. This is due to the dispersion of Pd active sites in the porous structure of ZIF material. The Pd-based ZIFs also demonstrated good catalytic activity and selectivity in different hydrogenation reactions owing to the control of hydrogen diffusion and selective activation of the bonds. Besides, there are still some challenges regarding the scalability, stability, and functionalization of Pd-based ZIFs, which push for further investigation. In this review, we are focusing on the applications of Pd-based ZIF catalyst for coupling (Heck, Suzuki-Miyaura, Ullman, and Sonogashira) and selective hydrogenation reactions.