Recovery of germanium from zinc smelting leachates: a review

IF 20.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Shuxuan Hu, Zhanqing Lu, Xingbin Li, Rongjing Yang, Chang Wei, Zhigan Deng, Minting Li
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Germanium is a critical element used in optical materials, electronic semiconductors, optical fibers, catalysts, sensors, medicine and health. Worldwide, 36% of the annual refined germanium comes from lead zinc sulfide ores, and more than 90% of germanium enters the zinc smelting system as an associated impurity with the zinc roasting sand. Here we review the recovery of germanium in zinc smelting processes, with focus on germanium reserves, applications and demand, recovery methods and extraction mechanisms. Recovery methods include tannin precipitation, ion exchange and solvent extraction. Extraction mechanisms are described for acidic, alkaline, neutral and synergistic extractions.

Abstract Image

从锌冶炼渗滤液中回收锗的研究进展
锗是用于光学材料、电子半导体、光纤、催化剂、传感器、医药和健康的关键元素。在世界范围内,每年有36%的精炼锗来自于铅锌硫化矿,90%以上的锗作为伴生杂质与锌焙烧砂一起进入锌冶炼系统。本文综述了锌冶炼过程中锗的回收,重点介绍了锗的储量、应用和需求、回收方法和提取机理。回收方法有单宁沉淀法、离子交换法和溶剂萃取法。介绍了酸性、碱性、中性和协同萃取的萃取机理。
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来源期刊
Environmental Chemistry Letters
Environmental Chemistry Letters 环境科学-工程:环境
CiteScore
32.00
自引率
7.00%
发文量
175
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Environmental Chemistry Letters explores the intersections of geology, chemistry, physics, and biology. Published articles are of paramount importance to the examination of both natural and engineered environments. The journal features original and review articles of exceptional significance, encompassing topics such as the characterization of natural and impacted environments, the behavior, prevention, treatment, and control of mineral, organic, and radioactive pollutants. It also delves into interfacial studies involving diverse media like soil, sediment, water, air, organisms, and food. Additionally, the journal covers green chemistry, environmentally friendly synthetic pathways, alternative fuels, ecotoxicology, risk assessment, environmental processes and modeling, environmental technologies, remediation and control, and environmental analytical chemistry using biomolecular tools and tracers.
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