Refined microstructure and mechanical properties of WAAM-fabricated IN-625 alloy through process parameter optimization

IF 4.4 3区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI:10.1007/s43452-025-01233-3

Ankit Kumar, Mayank Arun Sontakke, Gurminder Singh, Rahul S. Mulik

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Abstract

This work focuses on the fabrication of Inconel-625 (IN-625) superalloy through wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). Key process parameters, including the table travel speed, DC current, and wire feed rate, were optimized to achieve the desired microstructure and mechanical properties. Microstructural analysis revealed that the layer of the specimen showed fine primary grains transitioning to a dendritic core with a secondary arm structure, with intermetallic phases including Laves phases and Nb-rich gamma-nickel contributing to the observed strength variations. Tensile testing revealed that the samples processed at higher travel speeds exhibited the highest tensile strength along the build direction ~ (494 MPa) and hardness ~ (457 ± 31.55 HV). The effects of WAAM process parameters and mechanisms on these outcomes were critically examined. Optimizing WAAM parameters is crucial for producing IN-625 alloys with refined microstructure, and enhanced strength, making them ideal for heavy-duty applications and advancing additive manufacturing techniques.

Graphical abstract

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通过工艺参数优化，改善了waam制备IN-625合金的组织和力学性能

研究了采用线弧增材制造技术制备Inconel-625 （IN-625）高温合金。优化了工作台移动速度、直流电流和送丝速度等关键工艺参数，以达到理想的显微组织和力学性能。显微组织分析表明，试样的层状结构由细小的初生晶粒转变为具有次级臂结构的枝晶核，金属间相包括Laves相和富nb - γ -镍导致了强度变化。拉伸试验结果表明，在较高的行程速度下，试样在构建方向上的抗拉强度最高~ (494 MPa)，硬度最高~（457±31.55 HV）。WAAM工艺参数和机制对这些结果的影响进行了严格的检查。优化WAAM参数对于生产具有精致微观结构和增强强度的IN-625合金至关重要，使其成为重型应用和先进增材制造技术的理想选择。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

6.80

自引率

9.10%

发文量

201

审稿时长

4 months

期刊介绍： Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering (ACME) publishes both theoretical and experimental original research articles which explore or exploit new ideas and techniques in three main areas: structural engineering, mechanics of materials and materials science. The aim of the journal is to advance science related to structural engineering focusing on structures, machines and mechanical systems. The journal also promotes advancement in the area of mechanics of materials, by publishing most recent findings in elasticity, plasticity, rheology, fatigue and fracture mechanics. The third area the journal is concentrating on is materials science, with emphasis on metals, composites, etc., their structures and properties as well as methods of evaluation. In addition to research papers, the Editorial Board welcomes state-of-the-art reviews on specialized topics. All such articles have to be sent to the Editor-in-Chief before submission for pre-submission review process. Only articles approved by the Editor-in-Chief in pre-submission process can be submitted to the journal for further processing. Approval in pre-submission stage doesn''t guarantee acceptance for publication as all papers are subject to a regular referee procedure.