Improving of structural, conduction mechanisms, dielectric, optical properties of the sol–gel produced half-doped La0.5Ba0.5CrO3 perovskite for electronics devices, non-linear optical and optoelectronic applications

Abstract

The objective of this work is to investigate the structural, optical, electrical, magnetic and dielectric properties of the sol–gel produced half-doped La_0.5Ba_0.5CrO₃ perovskite. Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction measurement confirms its orthorhombic structure with the Pnma space group. The pattern reveals uniform crystallization of the produced powder, demonstrating a pure phase with no additional phases. It is apparent that the crystalline grain size grows when adding Ba²⁺ ion into the parent LaCrO₃ sample. Besides, the E_g value of La_0.5Ba_0.5CrO₃ sample is lower compared to the parent LaCrO₃ perovskite. It is apparent that the incorporation of Ba⁺² element in LaCrO₃ sample clearly lowers its band gap energy, which improved its optoelectronic properties. Based to the experimental refractive index, numerous theoretical optical characteristics like reflection loss (R_L), molar refractive index (R_m), molar electronic polarizability (α_m), and the non-linear optical features were examined for our sample. We employ an altered conduction relation referenced by Jonscher, to analyses the σ(f, T) data for our sample. It is found that our compound presents significant electrical resistivity, this renders them useful for microwave applications that needed minimal eddy currents. The investigation of electronic transport properties revealed a semiconductor behavior in the specimen, aligning with the correlated barrier hopping mechanism (CBH) and the Non-Overlapping Small Polaron Tunneling (NSPT) model.