A Nanopower EEG Low-Pass Filter Using Current-Sharing Vertical Differential Pairs

IF 2.8 2区工程技术 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, HARDWARE & ARCHITECTURE

IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI:10.1109/TVLSI.2025.3540116

Prajuab Pawarangkoon;Rafidah Ahmad;Ruhaifi Abdullah Zawawi;Asrulnizam Abd Manaf;Wanlop Surakampontorn;Surachoke Thanapitak

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

A follower-based

${g}_{m} - C$

low-pass filter that employs CMOS vertical source-couple-pair (VSCP) transconductors is proposed for practical use in EEG acquisition systems. The VSCP transconductor operates as a

${g}_{m}$

cell with current sharing and linearity enhancement features. It is applied in the first- and second-order

${g}_{m} - C$

sections cascaded to form a third-order low-pass filter targeting a 150-Hz bandwidth. To mitigate the effects of biasing current source mismatch, dynamic element matching (DEM) is optionally applied to the relevant biasing current source pairs, resulting in second harmonic distortion (HD2) and noise suppression. Implemented in a 0.18-

$\mu $

m process, the proposed filter consumes 16.3-nW power from a 1.2-V supply. Thanks to the DEM and VSCPs, the filter achieves a 150-mVP linear input range [measured at 1% total harmonic distortion (THD)], whereas the input-referred noise of

$43~\mu \text {V}_{\text {rms}}$

is obtained leading to a filter dynamic range (DR) of 65.15 dB. Overall performance comparisons with other recent nanopower filters indicate that the figure of merit (FoM) of this proposed filter is comparable, while the linear input range is larger.

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基于电流共享垂直差分对的纳米级脑电图低通滤波器

提出了一种基于随动器的${g}_{m} - C$低通滤波器，该滤波器采用CMOS垂直源偶对（VSCP）传感器，可用于脑电图采集系统。VSCP变换器作为具有电流共享和线性增强特性的${g}_{m}$单元工作。它应用于一阶和二阶${g}_{m} - C$部分，级联形成一个针对150 hz带宽的三阶低通滤波器。为了减轻偏置电流源失配的影响，动态元件匹配（DEM）可选地应用于相关偏置电流源对，从而产生二次谐波失真（HD2）和噪声抑制。在0.18- $\mu $ m的过程中实现，所提出的滤波器从1.2 v电源消耗16.3 nw功率。得益于DEM和VSCPs，该滤波器实现了150-mVP的线性输入范围[在1%的总谐波失真（THD）下测量]，而输入参考噪声为$43~\mu \text {V}_{\text {rms}}$，导致滤波器动态范围（DR）为65.15 dB。与其他最近的纳米功率滤波器的整体性能比较表明，该滤波器的优点值（FoM）是可比较的，而线性输入范围更大。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

6.40

自引率

7.10%

发文量

187

审稿时长

3.6 months

期刊介绍： The IEEE Transactions on VLSI Systems is published as a monthly journal under the co-sponsorship of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, the IEEE Computer Society, and the IEEE Solid-State Circuits Society. Design and realization of microelectronic systems using VLSI/ULSI technologies require close collaboration among scientists and engineers in the fields of systems architecture, logic and circuit design, chips and wafer fabrication, packaging, testing and systems applications. Generation of specifications, design and verification must be performed at all abstraction levels, including the system, register-transfer, logic, circuit, transistor and process levels. To address this critical area through a common forum, the IEEE Transactions on VLSI Systems have been founded. The editorial board, consisting of international experts, invites original papers which emphasize and merit the novel systems integration aspects of microelectronic systems including interactions among systems design and partitioning, logic and memory design, digital and analog circuit design, layout synthesis, CAD tools, chips and wafer fabrication, testing and packaging, and systems level qualification. Thus, the coverage of these Transactions will focus on VLSI/ULSI microelectronic systems integration.