Oil-in-water nano-emulsions boost rice innate immune response against Pyricularia oryzae via the induction of salicylic acid-mediated pathway and the enhancement of antioxidant machinery

IF 6.8 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES
Zeinab A. Kalboush , Yasser S.A. Mazrou , Amr A. Hassan , Osama Abd El Badeea , Yasser Nehela
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Rice blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae, is a challenging disease worldwide. The management of this serious disease mainly depends on chemical fungicides, which negatively affect human health, non-target organisms, and the environment. Therefore, searching for eco-friendly alternatives has become a necessity. Herein, we prepared and characterized three essential oil-based nano-emulsions (EO-NEs) from clove (CO-NE), lemongrass (LO-NE), and pelargonium (PO-NE). The prepared NEs were stabilized and maintained their nano-sized droplet during the emulsification and for more than a week of storage at room temperature. Moreover, Prepared NEs showed acceptable stability when centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 30 min. Our in vitro findings showed that EO-NEs significantly suppressed the spore germination, caused several morphological abnormalities in germ tubes, and inhibited the mycelial growth of P. oryzae in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the newly prepared EO-NEs' performance and their bulk emulsions were tested under greenhouse and open-field conditions. EO-NEs suppressed the development of rice blast disease and significantly decreased the leaf and panicle blast severity under both conditions. EO-NEs enhanced the defense responses of rice plants against P. oryzae via the induction of a complex multilayered defense system. The reduced disease severity was associated with activating both enzymatic (peroxidase [POX] and ascorbate peroxidase [APX]) and non-enzymatic (phenolics and flavonoid levels) antioxidant defense machinery. Furthermore, it was also correlated with the induction of the salicylic acid (SA)‐mediated defense pathway (SA content, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase [PAL] activity, and expression of two WRKY transcription factors). Interestingly, EO-NEs slightly enhanced the chlorophyll content and improved the grain yield of P. oryzae-infected rice plants, suggesting no phytotoxicity on treated plants. The findings of this study not only outline the potential application of oil-in-water NEs as sustainable, easy-to-use alternatives against P. oryzae but also decipher the physiological and biochemical mechanisms behind their protective role.
水包油纳米乳液通过诱导水杨酸介导途径和增强抗氧化机制增强水稻抗稻瘟病的先天免疫应答
稻瘟病是稻瘟菌引起的一种世界性病害。这种严重疾病的管理主要依赖于化学杀菌剂,这对人类健康、非目标生物和环境产生负面影响。因此,寻找环保替代品已成为必要。本文以丁香(CO-NE)、柠檬草(LO-NE)和天竺葵(PO-NE)为原料,制备并表征了三种精油基纳米乳液(EO-NEs)。制备的NEs在乳化过程中稳定并保持其纳米级液滴,并在室温下保存一周以上。此外,制备的NEs在3500 rpm离心30 min时表现出可接受的稳定性。我们的体外研究结果表明EO-NEs显著抑制孢子萌发,引起胚管的几种形态异常,并以剂量依赖的方式抑制P. oryzae的菌丝生长。此外,还在温室和露天条件下测试了新制备的EO-NEs的性能及其散装乳剂。EO-NEs抑制了稻瘟病的发生,显著降低了叶片和穗瘟病的严重程度。EO-NEs通过诱导复杂的多层防御系统增强了水稻对稻瘟菌的防御反应。疾病严重程度的降低与酶(过氧化物酶[POX]和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶[APX])和非酶(酚类和类黄酮水平)抗氧化防御机制的激活有关。此外,它还与水杨酸(SA)介导的防御通路的诱导(SA含量、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性和两种WRKY转录因子的表达)相关。有趣的是,EO-NEs略微提高了水稻叶片的叶绿素含量,提高了水稻的产量,表明对叶片没有植物毒性。本研究结果不仅概述了水包油NEs作为可持续、易于使用的抗稻瘟病替代品的潜在应用,而且揭示了其保护作用背后的生理生化机制。
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来源期刊
Plant Stress
Plant Stress PLANT SCIENCES-
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
8.00%
发文量
76
审稿时长
63 days
期刊介绍: The journal Plant Stress deals with plant (or other photoautotrophs, such as algae, cyanobacteria and lichens) responses to abiotic and biotic stress factors that can result in limited growth and productivity. Such responses can be analyzed and described at a physiological, biochemical and molecular level. Experimental approaches/technologies aiming to improve growth and productivity with a potential for downstream validation under stress conditions will also be considered. Both fundamental and applied research manuscripts are welcome, provided that clear mechanistic hypotheses are made and descriptive approaches are avoided. In addition, high-quality review articles will also be considered, provided they follow a critical approach and stimulate thought for future research avenues. Plant Stress welcomes high-quality manuscripts related (but not limited) to interactions between plants and: Lack of water (drought) and excess (flooding), Salinity stress, Elevated temperature and/or low temperature (chilling and freezing), Hypoxia and/or anoxia, Mineral nutrient excess and/or deficiency, Heavy metals and/or metalloids, Plant priming (chemical, biological, physiological, nanomaterial, biostimulant) approaches for improved stress protection, Viral, phytoplasma, bacterial and fungal plant-pathogen interactions. The journal welcomes basic and applied research articles, as well as review articles and short communications. All submitted manuscripts will be subject to a thorough peer-reviewing process.
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