Understanding the motivations of small-scale miners in Yukon, Canada through a human-nature connection (HNC) framework and meaningful rural work

Abstract

Human–nature connections (HNCs) experienced by a community of miners are explored as drivers of small-scale mining in Yukon, Canada. Through 20 placer mine visits and 32 semi-structured interviews with miners, government, and suppliers, the study finds that a connection to nature—not profit—is the primary motivation. Using a HNC framework, the data reveal that miners perceive their livelihoods as meaningful rural work tied to their engagement with the land and natural environment. These connections go beyond material needs, encompassing experiential, cognitive, emotional, and philosophical realms. Yukon miners' ability to make localized decisions and participate in the full mine life cycle highlights the importance of autonomy and proximity to nature. The concept of mining as an ecosystem service emerges when Earth materials are included within the definition of nature. This study challenges dualistic paradigms that separate humans from nature and Earth material needs, and contributes to broader efforts to embed strong sustainability in the mining sector—an approach that recognizes nature as the non-substitutable foundation of all other forms of capital. It also identifies the fragility of HNCs in contexts where excessive stress on ecosystems, remote decision-making, or livelihood insecurity undermines sustainability. Yukon provides a case study for exploring alternative mining models, such as slow mining, which emphasizes responsible practices and local empowerment. These insights contribute to human–nature debates and point toward more sustainable, place-based mining frameworks grounded in strong sustainability principles.