Durability of cementitious binders with blast furnace slag in deep sea conditions: Analysis of microstructure and phase transformation

IF 13.1 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Cement and Concrete Research Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI:10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107942

Keisuke Takahashi , Yuichiro Kawabata , Mari Kobayashi , Takafumi Kasaya , Shintaro Miyamoto , Hong S. Wong

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Abstract

Portland cement-blast furnace slag (PC-BFS) cement-based materials exhibit good durability in shallow marine environments but their performance in the deep-sea is poorly understood. This study investigates the degradation of PC-BFS cement pastes after one-year exposure in a deep-sea field site under high hydraulic pressure (3515 m depth) and low temperature (2 °C) conditions. The results show that the main degradation mechanisms involve ettringite formation and Ca leaching, driven by low-temperature seawater ingress under pressure. SEM-EDS and XRD analyses revealed distinct microstructural changes such as Mg and Al enrichment and sulfate/chloride incorporation in BFS rims. Fluorescence imaging confirmed complete seawater infiltration, facilitating BFS dissolution and reprecipitation cycles. The findings highlight the vulnerability of PC-BFS systems to ettringite-induced damage due to their high alumina and low sulfate balance. These insights inform strategies to optimise cementitious materials for deep-sea applications under extreme environments.

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深海条件下高炉矿渣胶凝结合料的耐久性：微观结构和相变分析

硅酸盐水泥-高炉矿渣（PC-BFS）水泥基材料在浅海环境中表现出良好的耐久性，但其在深海环境中的性能尚不清楚。本研究研究了PC-BFS水泥浆在深海现场高水压（3515米深）和低温（2°C）条件下暴露一年后的降解情况。结果表明，在低温海水压力作用下，钙矾石的形成和钙的浸出是主要的降解机制。SEM-EDS和XRD分析显示了BFS轮缘中明显的微观结构变化，如Mg和Al富集和硫酸盐/氯化物掺入。荧光成像证实海水完全入渗，有利于BFS溶解和再沉淀循环。研究结果强调了PC-BFS系统由于其高氧化铝和低硫酸盐平衡而容易受到钙矾石引起的损害。这些见解为优化极端环境下深海应用的胶凝材料提供了策略。

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来源期刊

Cement and Concrete Research 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

20.90

自引率

12.30%

发文量

318

审稿时长

53 days

期刊介绍： Cement and Concrete Research is dedicated to publishing top-notch research on the materials science and engineering of cement, cement composites, mortars, concrete, and related materials incorporating cement or other mineral binders. The journal prioritizes reporting significant findings in research on the properties and performance of cementitious materials. It also covers novel experimental techniques, the latest analytical and modeling methods, examination and diagnosis of actual cement and concrete structures, and the exploration of potential improvements in materials.