A fully decentralized home energy management system for efficient energy management and photovoltaic with battery energy storage system sizing for grid connected home microgrid

Abstract

In recent times, the reduction in feed-in tariff (FiT) rates and the increase in time-of-use (TOU) rates have made it essential for producers to enhance self-consumption (SC) and self-sufficiency (SS) while appropriately sizing the photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage system (BESS) to minimize energy costs and maximize the net present value (NPV) of the home microgrid (H-MG). The main objective of this study is to optimize the sizing of distributed energy resource (DER) agents according to the time-of-use (TOU) tariff rates to maximize the NPV. A novel residential demand response approach is proposed within a home energy management system (HEMS) that incorporates the scheduling of appliance agents, as well as the scheduling of an Electric Vehicle (EV) and BESS operations in the sizing procedure. It also determines the optimized tilt angle for the PV system. A rule-based operational approach is proposed to schedule agents independently within a multi-agent system (MAS) based H-MG according to their operational constraints, while the coalition game approach schedules the agents according to TOU tariffs. A case study is performed to find the sizes of the PV and BESS systems, considering the increase in TOU tariffs and reduction in battery prices, in order to analyze the NPV and payback period. The numerical and simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed MAS-based HEMS in substantially increasing the NPV and shortening the payback period. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the proposed strategy is fully decentralized and offers greater privacy preservation compared to other state-of-the-art strategies.