Machine-learning phenotyping of patients with functional mitral regurgitation undergoing transcatheter edge-to-edge repair: the MITRA-AI study.

Abstract

Aims: Severe functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) may benefit from mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER), but selection of patients remains to be optimized.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to use machine-learning (ML) approaches to uncover concealed connections between clinical, echocardiographic, and haemodynamic data associated with patients' outcomes.

Methods and results: Consecutive patients undergoing TEER from 2009 to 2020 were included in the MITRA-AI registry. The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death or heart failure (HF) hospitalization at 1 year. External validation was performed on the Mitrascore cohort. 822 patients were included. The composite primary endpoint occurred in 250 (30%) patients. Four clusters with decreasing risk of the primary endpoint were identified (42, 37, 25, and 20% from Cluster 1 to Cluster 4, respectively). Clusters were combined into a high-risk (Clusters 1 and 2) and a low-risk phenotype (Clusters 3 and 4). High-risk phenotype patients had larger left ventriculars (LVs) (>107 mL/m²), lower left ventricular ejection fraction (<35%), and more prevalent ischaemic aetiology compared with low-risk phenotype patients. Within low-risk groups, permanent atrial fibrillation amplified that of HF hospitalizations. In the Mitrascore cohort, the incidence of the primary endpoint was 48, 52, 35, and 42% across clusters.

Conclusion: A ML analysis identified meaningful clinical phenotypic presentations in FMR undergoing TEER, with significant differences in terms of cardiovascular death and HF hospitalizations, confirmed in an external validation cohort.