Assessment of the speed of transmission of Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto by infected ticks through an in vitro experimental model.

IF 3 2区医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY

Parasites & Vectors Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI:10.1186/s13071-025-06798-9

F Beugnet, M Madder, A Joubert, I Bouzaidi Cheikhi, M Chajia, J F Besselaar, D Y Tan

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) have significant clinical and public health implications.

Methods: This experimental study used a validated continuous-flow in vitro feeding system (CFIFS) to investigate the speed of transmission (SOT) of three tick-borne pathogens (TBPs): Ehrlichia canis by laboratory-infected Rhipicephalus sanguineus (18.3% infection rate), Anaplasma phagocytophilum by laboratory-infected Ixodes ricinus (56%), and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.) by laboratory-infected I. ricinus (76%). Three experiments were conducted, one per pathogen/tick model. A total of 58-60 ticks were used per feeding system. Four to six replicates were obtained per experiment. All ticks were laboratory-reared. The tick infections were performed by feeding the nymphal stages on infected hosts.

Results: All ticks began to attach and feed 3 h after being introduced to the feeding system. At the maximum attachment, 89.7% of R. sanguineus were attached at 57 h, with 4-30% attachment at 51 h for I. ricinus infected with A. phagocytophilum, and 6.3-47.9% at 48 h for I. ricinus infected with B. burgdorferi s.s. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were used to detect the presence of pathogens from blood samples collected every 3 h. Swab samples from the inner face of the feeding membrane were also collected and tested every 6 h during the B. burgdorferi s.s.

Study: In this experimental in vitro design, after the first tick attachments were observed, E. canis exhibited SOT of 3-6 h, A. phagocytophilum of 12-15 h, and B. burgdorferi of 42-45 h in blood but only 3-6 h on inner membrane swabs.

Conclusions: The findings of this in vitro study highlight the transmission time of some TBPs, confirming previous data obtained in vitro or in vivo, by using the same design for all tick/pathogen models. This is a way to estimate the possibility of using acaricidal drugs to block pathogen transmission based on the SOT and the speed of kill of these compounds.

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通过体外实验模型评估犬埃利希体、嗜吞噬细胞无形体和严格伯氏疏螺旋体感染蜱虫的传播速度。

背景：犬媒介传播疾病（cvbd）具有重要的临床和公共卫生意义。方法：采用经验证的连续流体外饲养系统（cffifs）对实验室感染的血根头虫感染的犬埃利希体（感染率18.3%）、实验室感染的蓖麻依蚊感染的嗜吞噬细胞无形体（感染率56%）和实验室感染的蓖麻依蚊感染的狭义伯氏疏螺旋体（感染率76%）三种蜱传病原体的传播速度进行研究。进行3个实验，每个病原体/蜱模型1个实验。每个摄食系统共捕获58 ~ 60只蜱。每个实验进行4 ~ 6次重复。所有蜱虫均在实验室饲养。蜱虫的感染是通过在被感染的宿主上摄食若虫阶段来进行的。结果：所有蜱在进入饲养系统后3 h均开始贴附进食。在最大的依恋,89.7%的r . sanguineus附加在57 h,附件4 - 30%的51 h i蓖麻感染a . phagocytophilum和6.3 - -47.9%在48 h i蓖麻感染b burgdorferi砂岩聚合酶链反应(PCR)测试用于检测病原体的存在从血液样本收集每3 h。拭子样本喂养膜的内表面也收集和测试每6 h在b . burgdorferi s.s.Study:在体外实验设计中，观察到第一次蜱虫附着后，血中犬伊螨的SOT时间为3-6 h，嗜吞噬伊螨的SOT时间为12-15 h，伯氏疏螺旋体的SOT时间为42-45 h，而内膜拭子上的SOT时间仅为3-6 h。结论：通过对所有蜱/病原体模型采用相同的设计，本体外研究的结果突出了一些tbp的传播时间，证实了先前在体外或体内获得的数据。这是一种基于SOT和这些化合物的杀灭速度来估计使用杀螨药物阻断病原体传播的可能性的方法。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Parasites & Vectors 医学-寄生虫学

CiteScore

6.30

自引率

9.40%

发文量

433

审稿时长

1.4 months

期刊介绍： Parasites & Vectors is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal dealing with the biology of parasites, parasitic diseases, intermediate hosts, vectors and vector-borne pathogens. Manuscripts published in this journal will be available to all worldwide, with no barriers to access, immediately following acceptance. However, authors retain the copyright of their material and may use it, or distribute it, as they wish. Manuscripts on all aspects of the basic and applied biology of parasites, intermediate hosts, vectors and vector-borne pathogens will be considered. In addition to the traditional and well-established areas of science in these fields, we also aim to provide a vehicle for publication of the rapidly developing resources and technology in parasite, intermediate host and vector genomics and their impacts on biological research. We are able to publish large datasets and extensive results, frequently associated with genomic and post-genomic technologies, which are not readily accommodated in traditional journals. Manuscripts addressing broader issues, for example economics, social sciences and global climate change in relation to parasites, vectors and disease control, are also welcomed.