Valentina Totaro, Giacomo Guido, Sergio Cotugno, Elda De Vita, Muhammad Asaduzzaman, Giulia Patti, Francesco Vladimiro Segala, Giovanni Putoto, Luisa Frallonardo, Ferenc Balázs Farkas, Botond Lakatos, Nicola Veronese, Pietro Locantore, Francesco Di Gennaro, Annalisa Saracino
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), driven by socioeconomic disparities, weak healthcare systems, and inadequate pharmaceutical regulation. This review examines AMR prevalence, drivers, and consequences in SSA, emphasizing the need for urgent interventions. A literature review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, including studies published from January 2000 to June 2024. The focus was on AMR epidemiology, public health impacts, and interventions specific to SSA. High resistance rates were identified in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Key drivers include limited healthcare access; antibiotic misuse; poor surveillance; inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene infrastructure; and poverty. AMR leads to increased mortality, prolonged hospital stays, and higher healthcare costs, with SSA projected to face 4.1 million AMR-related deaths annually by 2050 without action. Addressing AMR in SSA requires strengthening healthcare systems, expanding surveillance, enforcing pharmaceutical regulations, and enhancing education. International collaboration and funding are essential to mitigate AMR's impacts and support progress toward universal health coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals.
由于社会经济差距、薄弱的卫生保健系统和不充分的药品监管，抗菌素耐药性（AMR）是撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）面临的一项重大卫生挑战。这篇综述探讨了抗生素耐药性的流行、驱动因素和SSA的后果，强调了紧急干预的必要性。使用PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus和b谷歌Scholar进行文献综述，包括2000年1月至2024年6月发表的研究。重点是抗菌素耐药性流行病学、公共卫生影响和SSA特有的干预措施。大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药率较高。主要驱动因素包括有限的医疗保健机会；抗生素的滥用;可怜的监测;供水、环境卫生和个人卫生基础设施不足；和贫困。抗菌素耐药性导致死亡率增加、住院时间延长和医疗费用增加，如果不采取行动，预计到2050年，SSA每年将面临410万例抗菌素耐药性相关死亡。要解决SSA的抗菌素耐药性问题，需要加强卫生保健系统、扩大监测、执行药品法规和加强教育。国际合作和供资对于减轻抗微生物药物耐药性的影响和支持在实现全民健康覆盖和可持续发展目标方面取得进展至关重要。
期刊介绍：
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, established in 1921, is published monthly by the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. It is among the top-ranked tropical medicine journals in the world publishing original scientific articles and the latest science covering new research with an emphasis on population, clinical and laboratory science and the application of technology in the fields of tropical medicine, parasitology, immunology, infectious diseases, epidemiology, basic and molecular biology, virology and international medicine.
The Journal publishes unsolicited peer-reviewed manuscripts, review articles, short reports, images in Clinical Tropical Medicine, case studies, reports on the efficacy of new drugs and methods of treatment, prevention and control methodologies,new testing methods and equipment, book reports and Letters to the Editor. Topics range from applied epidemiology in such relevant areas as AIDS to the molecular biology of vaccine development.
The Journal is of interest to epidemiologists, parasitologists, virologists, clinicians, entomologists and public health officials who are concerned with health issues of the tropics, developing nations and emerging infectious diseases. Major granting institutions including philanthropic and governmental institutions active in the public health field, and medical and scientific libraries throughout the world purchase the Journal.
Two or more supplements to the Journal on topics of special interest are published annually. These supplements represent comprehensive and multidisciplinary discussions of issues of concern to tropical disease specialists and health issues of developing countries
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