Nutritional Dynamics of Iranian Pasture Flora: Implications for Animal Health and Productivity

Abstract

Iran possesses vast reserves of medicinal-rangeland plants, long recognised for their therapeutic and nutritional benefits in both human and animal applications. This article focuses on the potential of several key medicinal-rangeland plants, including Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Echinophora platyloba DC., Hypericum perforatum L., Astragalus membranaceus Fisch. ex Bunge, Thymus vulgaris L., Achillea millefolium L., Lallemantia royleana (Benth.) Benth., Gundelia tournefortii L., Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., Chenopodium album L., Polygonum aviculare L., Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam., and Urtica dioica L., in enhancing animal health and productivity. These plants are rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, polysaccharides, and essential oils, which contribute to their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. Their inclusion in animal diets has been shown to improve nutrient digestibility, enhance immune response, reduce oxidative stress, and promote overall health. However, the presence of antinutritional factors such as saponins, tannins, and oxalates necessitates careful management to maximise benefits while minimising risks. This review highlights the potential of these plants as sustainable feed additives, emphasising the need for further research to optimise their use in animal nutrition.