Impact of Smoking on Macrophage-Related Chemokines During Initial Peri-Implantitis: A Prospective Cohort Study

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI:10.1111/cid.70052

Buse Naz Buyukakcali Altay, Zeynep Turgut Cankaya, Mustafa Yilmaz, Mervi Gürsoy, Aysen Bodur, Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy

{"title":"Impact of Smoking on Macrophage-Related Chemokines During Initial Peri-Implantitis: A Prospective Cohort Study","authors":"Buse Naz Buyukakcali Altay, Zeynep Turgut Cankaya, Mustafa Yilmaz, Mervi Gürsoy, Aysen Bodur, Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy","doi":"10.1111/cid.70052","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Objectives</h3>\n \n <p>Smoking disrupts macrophage chemokine response and delays healing. This study aims to investigate the effect of smoking on peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) levels of macrophage-related chemokines, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL-2), C-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CCL-8), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL-9), and C-C motif ligand 3 (CCL-3), before and after non-surgical treatment of initial peri-implantitis.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>Fifty-five implants (27 non-smoking [NSPI] and 28 smoking [SPI]) with initial peri-implantitis (bleeding on probing [BOP+], probing pocket depth [PPD] of 6–7 mm) were included in the study. Clinical parameters were recorded, and PICF samples were collected before and 4 months after non-surgical treatment. PICF concentrations of CCL-2, CCL-8, CCL-3, and CXCL-9 were measured with Luminex assay. The Mann–Whitney <i>U</i>-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and repeated measures analysis of variance test were used to analyze differences between and within the groups.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>Baseline CCL-2 (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and CXCL-9 (<i>p</i> = 0.026) levels (pg/30 s) were significantly lower in smokers compared to non-smokers, while no difference was observed for CCL-3 between the two groups (<i>p</i> = 0.320). Only CCL-2 levels (pg/30 s) decreased in the NSPI group in response to non-surgical treatment (<i>p</i> = 0.037).</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\n \n <p>Smoking disturbs the expressions of macrophage-related chemokines in the early phase of peri-implantitis. These findings may indicate the impaired control of infection during initial peri-implantitis and explain the accelerated progression of the disease in smokers. This study was not registered prior to participant recruitment.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\n \n <p>\n https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06810401\n </p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":50679,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cid.70052","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cid.70052","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives

Smoking disrupts macrophage chemokine response and delays healing. This study aims to investigate the effect of smoking on peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) levels of macrophage-related chemokines, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL-2), C-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CCL-8), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL-9), and C-C motif ligand 3 (CCL-3), before and after non-surgical treatment of initial peri-implantitis.

Methods

Fifty-five implants (27 non-smoking [NSPI] and 28 smoking [SPI]) with initial peri-implantitis (bleeding on probing [BOP+], probing pocket depth [PPD] of 6–7 mm) were included in the study. Clinical parameters were recorded, and PICF samples were collected before and 4 months after non-surgical treatment. PICF concentrations of CCL-2, CCL-8, CCL-3, and CXCL-9 were measured with Luminex assay. The Mann–Whitney U-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and repeated measures analysis of variance test were used to analyze differences between and within the groups.

Results

Baseline CCL-2 (p < 0.001) and CXCL-9 (p = 0.026) levels (pg/30 s) were significantly lower in smokers compared to non-smokers, while no difference was observed for CCL-3 between the two groups (p = 0.320). Only CCL-2 levels (pg/30 s) decreased in the NSPI group in response to non-surgical treatment (p = 0.037).

Conclusion

Smoking disturbs the expressions of macrophage-related chemokines in the early phase of peri-implantitis. These findings may indicate the impaired control of infection during initial peri-implantitis and explain the accelerated progression of the disease in smokers. This study was not registered prior to participant recruitment.

Trial Registration

https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06810401

查看原文本刊更多论文

吸烟对初始种植体周围炎中巨噬细胞相关趋化因子的影响：一项前瞻性队列研究

吸烟破坏巨噬细胞趋化因子反应，延缓愈合。本研究旨在探讨吸烟对初始种植周炎非手术治疗前后巨噬细胞相关趋化因子、C-C基序趋化因子配体2 （CCL-2）、C-C基序趋化因子配体8 （CCL-8）、C-X-C基序趋化因子配体9 （CXCL-9）和C-C基序配体3 （CCL-3）水平的影响。方法纳入55例种植体，其中非吸烟种植体27例，吸烟种植体28例，均为首发种植体周围炎（探孔出血[BOP+]，探孔袋深度[PPD] 6 ~ 7mm）。记录临床参数，非手术治疗前及术后4个月采集PICF标本。采用Luminex法测定CCL-2、CCL-8、CCL-3和CXCL-9的PICF浓度。采用Mann-Whitney u检验、Wilcoxon sign -rank检验和重复测量方差分析检验分析组间和组内差异。结果吸烟者与非吸烟者相比，基线CCL-2 （p < 0.001）和CXCL-9 （p = 0.026）水平（pg/30 s）显著降低，而两组间CCL-3水平无差异（p = 0.320）。非手术治疗组只有CCL-2水平（pg/30 s）下降（p = 0.037）。结论吸烟可干扰种植体周围炎早期巨噬细胞相关趋化因子的表达。这些发现可能表明在最初的种植体周围炎期间感染的控制受损，并解释了吸烟者疾病的加速进展。本研究在招募参与者之前未进行登记。试验注册https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06810401

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research 医学-牙科与口腔外科

CiteScore

6.00

自引率

13.90%

发文量

103

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： The goal of Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research is to advance the scientific and technical aspects relating to dental implants and related scientific subjects. Dissemination of new and evolving information related to dental implants and the related science is the primary goal of our journal. The range of topics covered by the journals will include but be not limited to: New scientific developments relating to bone Implant surfaces and their relationship to the surrounding tissues Computer aided implant designs Computer aided prosthetic designs Immediate implant loading Immediate implant placement Materials relating to bone induction and conduction New surgical methods relating to implant placement New materials and methods relating to implant restorations Methods for determining implant stability A primary focus of the journal is publication of evidenced based articles evaluating to new dental implants, techniques and multicenter studies evaluating these treatments. In addition basic science research relating to wound healing and osseointegration will be an important focus for the journal.