Enhanced biomass and lipid production of Chlorella vulgaris through the utilization of municipal wastewater as a nutrient source: A sustainable feedstock for biodiesel production

IF 3.5 4区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS
Ganesan Ezhumalai, Renganathan Rajkumar
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Abstract

Municipal wastewater has high nutritional contents of nitrogen and phosphorus that are essential for microalgae growth. In order to reduce the cost of producing biodiesel, microalgae can be cultivated using municipal wastewater as a sustainable source of nutrients. The present investigation aimed to enhance the growth and lipid content of the newly isolated green microalga, Chlorella vulgaris by adjusting different culture conditions such as light intensity, temperature, pH, and supplementation of municipal wastewater. C. vulgaris was cultured in different combinations (75:25, 50:50, and 25:75) of municipal wastewater (WWC), diluted with Bold’s Basal Medium (BBM) and reverse osmosis (RO) water separately. In this experiment, about 75% of WWC diluted with 25% BBM supported the maximum production of biomass and lipids. From this experiment, the maximum production of biomass 15.6 g/L and the lipid 5.56 g/L were observed on the 12th day of cultivation. Further, the presence of functional groups was briefly examined in algae biomass samples by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method has been used to analyze the chemical composition of biodiesel. These results confirm the presence of alkyl group protons, methylene (CH₂) group protons, and aromatic protons. Further, the fatty acid methyl esters in biodiesel were confirmed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis. All these results showed the significant lipid composition extracted from the biomass of C. vulgaris cultivated in municipal wastewater for biodiesel production. Lastly, the properties of biodiesel were analyzed and compared with the standard of American Society Testing and Materials (ASTM). Furthermore, utilizing municipal wastewater as a sustainable nutrient source can significantly minimize the production costs thereby this strain can be considered a sustainable feedstock for biodiesel production.

利用城市污水作为营养源提高普通小球藻的生物量和脂质产量:生物柴油生产的可持续原料
城市污水中氮和磷的营养含量很高,这是微藻生长所必需的。为了降低生产生物柴油的成本,可以利用城市污水作为可持续的营养来源来培养微藻。本研究旨在通过调节光强、温度、pH和添加城市污水等不同培养条件,促进新分离的绿色微藻小球藻的生长和脂质含量。用不同的城市污水(WWC)组合(75:25、50:50和25:75),分别用Bold基础培养基(BBM)和反渗透水(RO)稀释培养C. vulgaris。在本实验中,约75%的WWC用25%的BBM稀释,生物量和脂质产量最大。实验结果表明,培养第12天,生物量和脂质产量分别达到最高15.6 g/L和5.56 g/L。此外,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对藻类生物质样品中官能团的存在进行了简要的检测。采用核磁共振(NMR)方法对生物柴油的化学成分进行了分析。这些结果证实了烷基质子、亚甲基(ch2)质子和芳香质子的存在。此外,通过气相色谱-质谱(GCMS)分析证实了生物柴油中脂肪酸甲酯的存在。这些结果表明,从城市污水中培养的寻常草生物量中提取的脂质成分显著,可用于生产生物柴油。最后,对生物柴油的性能进行了分析,并与美国材料试验协会(ASTM)的标准进行了比较。此外,利用城市污水作为可持续的营养源可以显著降低生产成本,因此该菌株可以被认为是生物柴油生产的可持续原料。
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来源期刊
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery Energy-Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
CiteScore
7.00
自引率
15.00%
发文量
1358
期刊介绍: Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery presents articles and information on research, development and applications in thermo-chemical conversion; physico-chemical conversion and bio-chemical conversion, including all necessary steps for the provision and preparation of the biomass as well as all possible downstream processing steps for the environmentally sound and economically viable provision of energy and chemical products.
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