Promising Anthelminthic Effects of Camphene Against Protoscoleces and Hydatid Cysts of Echinococcus granulosus

IF 1.5 3区农林科学 Q4 PARASITOLOGY

Acta Parasitologica Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI:10.1007/s11686-025-01049-4

Ikhlas Abbas Marhoon, Marwa Sami Alwan, Lubna A. Al-ibrahimi

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

The current research aims to investigate the anthelmintic effects and cellular mechanisms induced by camphene (CP), a natural monoterpene found in certain herbs, against hydatid cysts and protoscoleces (PSCs) of Echinococcus granulosus.

Methods

The anthelmintic properties of CP were examined using the eosin exclusion assay on PSCs. The effects of CP on the expression levels of apoptotic and DNA damage-related genes in PSCs were evaluated, along with its impact on the plasma membrane (PM) and its ability to induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The in vivo efficacy of CP, administered at doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg/day for 28 days, was assessed in mice infected with hydatid cysts by measuring the quantity, dimensions, and weight of the cysts, as well as analyzing serum levels of inflammatory cytokines.

Results

Results indicated that CP significantly decreased the viability of PSCs both in vitro and ex vivo (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. A notable upregulation of apoptotic genes (caspase-3 and caspase-9) and genes associated with DNA damage was observed (p < 0.001). CP treatment also enhanced plasma membrane permeability and ROS generation (p < 0.001). Furthermore, CP resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the number, size, and weight of hydatid cysts, as well as in the serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β, with no significant changes in the serum levels of biomarkers related to liver and kidney function.

Conclusion

Recent research has demonstrated the promising in vitro and ex vivo effects of CP on hydatid cyst PSCs. Additionally, the study highlighted the in vivo potential of CP in controlling hydatid cysts within a murine model, attributing this efficacy to its anti-inflammatory properties. However, further research is necessary to elucidate the specific mechanisms of action and to evaluate its effectiveness in clinical trials, which may facilitate the application of these nanoparticles in the treatment and management of cystic echinococcosis.

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樟脑对细粒棘球绦虫原头蚴和包虫病的有前途的驱虫作用

本研究旨在探讨中药中天然单萜类化合物莰烯（camphene， CP）对细粒棘球蚴（Echinococcus granulosus）棘球蚴囊和原头节（protoscolecles, PSCs）的驱虫作用及其细胞机制。方法采用伊红排斥法检测CP对PSCs的驱虫作用。我们评估了CP对PSCs中凋亡和DNA损伤相关基因表达水平的影响，以及其对质膜（PM）的影响和诱导活性氧（ROS）产生的能力。通过测量包虫囊肿的数量、尺寸和重量以及分析血清中炎症细胞因子的水平，研究了CP在感染包虫囊肿的小鼠中，以20、40和80 mg/kg/天的剂量给药28天的体内疗效。结果结果表明，CP显著降低了PSCs在体外和离体的活力(p <；0.001)，与对照组相比。观察到凋亡基因（caspase-3和caspase-9）和DNA损伤相关基因的显著上调(p <；0.001)。CP处理还能增强质膜通透性和ROS生成(p <；0.001)。此外，CP导致包虫囊的数量、大小和重量以及血清TNF-α和IL-1β浓度呈剂量依赖性降低，而与肝肾功能相关的血清生物标志物水平无显著变化。结论近年来的研究表明，CP对包虫囊PSCs具有良好的体外和体外作用。此外，该研究强调了CP在小鼠模型中控制包虫病的体内潜力，将这种功效归因于其抗炎特性。然而，需要进一步的研究来阐明其具体的作用机制并在临床试验中评估其有效性，这可能有助于这些纳米颗粒在囊性包虫病的治疗和管理中的应用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Acta Parasitologica 医学-寄生虫学

CiteScore

3.10

自引率

6.70%

发文量

149

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Acta Parasitologica is an international journal covering the latest advances in the subject. Acta Parasitologica publishes original papers on all aspects of parasitology and host-parasite relationships, including the latest discoveries in biochemical and molecular biology of parasites, their physiology, morphology, taxonomy and ecology, as well as original research papers on immunology, pathology, and epidemiology of parasitic diseases in the context of medical, veterinary and biological sciences. The journal also publishes short research notes, invited review articles, book reviews. The journal was founded in 1953 as "Acta Parasitologica Polonica" by the Polish Parasitological Society and since 1954 has been published by W. Stefanski Institute of Parasitology of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw. Since 1992 in has appeared as Acta Parasitologica in four issues per year.