Advancements in calcium ferrite-based photocatalysts: Insights into their synthesis and performance in degrading organic pollutants

Abstract

Over the past two centuries, photocatalysis—the use of light to accelerate chemical reactions—has undergone substantial development. This multidisciplinary field, which is especially thriving with advances in nanotechnology, combines photochemistry, catalysis, and semiconductor physics. Calcium ferrite's low band gap and strong activity underneath sunlight make it a suitable for photocatalytic applications. The effectiveness of calcium ferrites and the related photocatalysts in organic pollution remediation, synthetic techniques, and their photocatalytic characteristics, including the processes governing their activity, are all covered in this paper. Numerous synthesis methods have been explained, including sol-gel, co-precipitation, and hydrothermal processes. The optical and structural characteristics have been examined using characterization methods like as UV–Vis spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The review demonstrates calcium ferrites' potential in environmental remediation technologies by highlighting how well it breaks down organic contaminants in water purification and, at the end, the challenges and future outlooks have been mentioned.