Imidazole derivatives synthesis: exploring different methods

Abstract

The synthesis of imidazole derivatives has witnessed significant advancements in recent years, with a particular focus on sustainable and eco-friendly methodologies. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the various strategies employed for the synthesis of imidazole derivatives without the use of traditional solvents or catalysts. The synthesis under solvent-free conditions, catalyst-free approaches, and the utilization of metal oxides and acids as catalysts are thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, the incorporation of heterogeneous catalysts into the synthesis process, coupled with solvent-free conditions, has emerged as a promising avenue for the efficient and environmentally benign production of imidazole derivatives. This review highlights the recent developments in green synthesis methods for imidazole derivatives, offering insights into their synthetic pathways, advantages, and potential applications in diverse fields such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials science.