Headwinds to understanding stress response physiology: A systematic review reveals mismatch between real and simulated marine heatwaves on coral reefs

Harmony A. Martell , Simon D. Donner
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Abstract

Laboratory experiments have long been used to guide predictions of organismal stress in response to the rapidly changing climate. However, the ability to simulate real world conditions in the laboratory can be a barrier to prediction accuracy. We performed a systematic review of experimental coral bleaching literature and assembled a database to identify the methods used to measure bleaching in heating experiments and assess how closely heating experiments resembled marine heatwaves (MHWs) on coral reefs. Observations of the maximum photochemical yield of Photosystem II (FV/FM), though not a direct measure of dysbiosis, vastly outnumbered Symbiodiniaceae density and chlorophyll observations in the reviewed literature, indicating its widespread misuse as a proxy for coral dysbiosis. Laboratory studies in our database used higher maximum temperatures (∼ 0.9 ×), degree heating times (∼ 1.7 ×) and heating rates (∼ 7.3 ×), and shorter durations (∼ 1.5 ×), than MHWs on coral reefs. We then asked whether exposure differences between laboratory experiments and reef conditions altered the relationship between coral dysbiosis and heating metrics using the example of hormesis. We fit curves on the data both with and without ecologically relevant heating metrics and found hormetic curves in some response variables that were altered with the exclusion of exposures that fell outside of the bounds of MHWs on coral reefs, indicating a high likelihood of prediction error. We recommend that laboratory-based studies of coral dysbiosis use ecologically relevant exposures to improve predictions of the physiological response of corals to our rapidly warming oceans.
理解应激反应生理学的阻力:一项系统综述揭示了珊瑚礁上真实和模拟的海洋热浪之间的不匹配
长期以来,实验室实验一直被用来指导对生物压力的预测,以应对快速变化的气候。然而,在实验室中模拟真实世界条件的能力可能是预测准确性的障碍。我们对实验珊瑚白化文献进行了系统的回顾,并建立了一个数据库,以确定在加热实验中用于测量白化的方法,并评估加热实验与珊瑚礁上的海洋热浪(MHWs)的相似程度。光系统II的最大光化学产量(FV/FM)虽然不是生态失调的直接衡量指标,但在综述的文献中,其数量远远超过共生科密度和叶绿素观测值,表明其被广泛误用为珊瑚生态失调的代表。我们数据库中的实验室研究使用的最高温度(~ 0.9 x)、升温时间(~ 1.7 x)和升温速率(~ 7.3 x),以及持续时间(~ 1.5 x)都高于珊瑚礁上的MHWs。然后,我们以激效为例,询问实验室实验和珊瑚礁条件之间的暴露差异是否改变了珊瑚生态失调和加热指标之间的关系。我们对有和没有生态相关的加热指标的数据进行了曲线拟合,并发现一些响应变量的热效应曲线在排除了超出珊瑚礁mhw范围的暴露后发生了变化,这表明预测误差的可能性很高。我们建议以实验室为基础的珊瑚生态失调研究使用与生态相关的暴露来改进珊瑚对我们快速变暖的海洋的生理反应的预测。
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